Why the Tohfato al-Alam was written during the reign of Shah Sultan Hussein Safavi

There are simple answers based on the author's own statements about the reason for writing the book of Tohfato al-Alam, which its subject is a description of Shah Sultan Hussein Safavid. The claim of this research is that the writing of Tohfato al-Alam is related to the crises that the Safavid government was facing at that time. This article seeks to clarify why Tohfato al-Alam was written in that historical and social situation by using critical discourse analysis. The crisis that had engulfed the Safavid rule at that time led Fenderski to present the Shah with a linguistic order as the central signifier around which other forces move and to see the imperfections and weaknesses of the Shah invisible, and instead of the forces around him to emerge. Know crises and weaknesses are effective and to blame. In the discourse of Tohfato al-Alam, the Shah, with his full personality, seeks to train other forces in order to organize the government and society.