Examining the Foundations and Principles of Search Engines’ Civil Liability for Misusing User’s Data

Artificial intelligence-based innovative technologies have advanced at an unprecedented rate in recent years. We can examine the legal implications of these technologies from a variety of angles. The focus of this study is on search engines' civil liability. It seeks to answer the question of how browsers should be held liable in the event of data misuse, based on general civil liability rules. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate the Iranian civil liability system and its gaps in the face of artificial intelligence-based technologies, particularly search engines. The principles and pillars of civil liability of search engines in the misuse of user data are investigated in this regard. The findings of this study point to flaws in the Iranian civil liability system, as well as its lack of modernity and fault-oriented orientation. Using various legal tools, we must defend users' rights and prevent corporate abuse in the digital domain. Among the recommendations of this paper are the recognition of browsers' legal personality, the use of various mechanisms such as mandatory civil liability insurance, the acceptance of strict liability, and the adoption of special laws governing artificial intelligence.