samaneh mohammadi

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with 20-25% protein and 50-56% carbohydrate content, has a crucial role in supplying the required proteins and maintenance of food security of the community. Among the Asian countries, China, Iran, Japan and Turkey are the major producers of common bean. According to the figures provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, cultivation area and production of bean in Iran in 2016 were 114593 ha and 222705 tones, respectively. In recent years, due to the increase in the population and in order to rapidly meet the demand for more food as well as decision making at micro and macro-levels, simulation of crop growth and yield using the models has gained attention due to rapid preparation of the results, lowering the execution costs and the possibility of simulation under various climatic and management conditions. In order to model the growth stages and yield of bean using the figures of Iranian meteorology organization (minimum and maximum temperatures, radiation and rainfall), a study was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The simple SSM_iCrop2 model was used for this study. This model has been tested and proved for a wide range of plant species. This model requires easily available and limited input information. The aim of this study was to parameterize and evaluate the SSM_iCrop2 model for simulation of growth and yield of common bean in order to investigate the effect of climatic, soil and crop management factors as well as determination of genetic coefficients under Iran conditions using the sub-models associated with phenology, dry matter production and distribution and the changes in leaf area.
 
SSM_iCrop2 model was used as the base of this study. Observed and simulated yield and days to maturity values were compared for parameterization and evaluation of the model. For this purpose, a series of experimental data (data associated with the growth and production of bean and reports from the published and unpublished papers) in major bean cultivation areas of the country were used. First, parameters related to phenology, leaf area, dry matter production, yield formation and water relations were estimated. Then, the model was evaluated using a series of data which were independent from the experimental data used for parameterization. Crop management inputs were also entered according to the experiment reports. For statistical analysis and investigation of model precision in comparison of the data recorded in the previous studies with the data simulated by the model, correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated and 1:1 diagram was also drawn.
 
In parameterization of SSM_iCrop2 model for bean, the comparison of observed and simulated days to maturity with RMSE, CV and r values of respectively 14 days, 13 percent and 0.76 and comparison of observed and simulated grain yield with RMSE, CV and r values of 62 g m-2, 20 percent and 0.84 indicated the accuracy of the used parameters. Furthermore, in the evaluation stage, RMSE, CV and r values for days to maturity were 8 days, 8 percent and 0.74 and for grain yield were 53 g m-2, 19 percent and 0.77, respectively, which confirms the precision of the model simulation. The model simulated the evapotranspiration of been in a good manner. The values for RMSE, CV and r for the comparison of the observed and simulated evapotranspiration were 63 mm, 11 percent and 0.85, respectively. Application of SSM_iCrop2 model is simple and acceptably precise simulation is possible with minimal parameters and inputs. This model was able to simulate the growth period and yield of bean cultivars in a good manner despite high variations using thermal unit parameters form sowing to harvest, maximum leaf area and maximum harvest index.
 
Growth and yield of bean was successfully simulated using SSM_iCrop2 model using minimal and available parameters despite different growth habits and high phenotypic and genotypic variations among the cultivars. The results of the model evaluation performed using RMSE, r and CV showed that this model is able to simulate maturity time and grain yield of bean sown in various dates under Iran climatic conditions with a high precision. Thus, due to suitable precision of SSM_iCrop2 model in simulation of bean phenology and yield, it may be used as a suitable tool for investigation of crop systems and interpretation of results under various environmental and management conditions for planning and improving the management of bean fields in the country.

In the process of human evolution, there has always been a relationship between the human (subject-observer) and the other things (nature -objects), he has been curious about everything unknown, indeed the objects as the "reality" of our environment has always been surveyed by human mentality, in this regard, human "consciousness" as "subject" plays an important role in knowing  these"object".The presence of objects in human life has various roles. In the contemporery era, with the changing consciousness of the artist about  the world and  every things in it, a different approach about them have been emerged. In this period, we see that ordinary and ready-made objects are presented in the context of art, such as galleries and museums, as artworks, in which the artist has not played a role in their physical construction, so it is assumed that the role of the artist in creating this  kind of artwork can be removed. These days, what gives value  and it is better to say "credit" to the things as "object of art " is the complex mental networks that exist in the art world. In many aesthetic and philosophical theories have ignored the central role of the artist(subject) and dismissed her presence as the creator of the artwork,  actualy they have only a formal look at art and literary works and give all of importance to the structure and form of the works. The purpose of this analytical article is to emphasize the role of the artist as a conscious subject in determining the new identity of these objects, which leads to a change in the perception of the artistic object. In fact, we want to prove that objects that are presented as artwork (especially in the contemporary era) cannot exist independently of the artist's idea and subjectivity. In this paper, after examining the theoretical foundations that include the concepts of objectivism, subjectivism and the process of creating consciousness in cognition ,it discussed the relationship between object and  subject (artist) in contemporary era. These questions will be answered: What is the role of the subject (artist) in determining the object (things)? What is the reason for changing the view of the subject (artist) to the object (objects) in  contemporert art? The result shows  that the role of the  artist subjectivity in defining the object identity is stable and the perception of objects in contemporary art depends on the perception of the conscious of the artist that it is impossible to remove him and he can even guide the direction of the audience's perception. In presenting such object(ordinary or ready-made object), the artist changes the perception of  artwork by changing the verb "to make" physically to the verb "to choose, and he also asks the audience to participate in creating the meaning and identity of the object. We can mention the social conditions and the emergence of new scientific theories such as uncertainty principle in the acceptance of certain reality, are the effective factors that have influenced the performance of the contemporary artist.

Artificial intelligence-based innovative technologies have advanced at an unprecedented rate in recent years. We can examine the legal implications of these technologies from a variety of angles. The focus of this study is on search engines' civil liability. It seeks to answer the question of how browsers should be held liable in the event of data misuse, based on general civil liability rules. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate the Iranian civil liability system and its gaps in the face of artificial intelligence-based technologies, particularly search engines. The principles and pillars of civil liability of search engines in the misuse of user data are investigated in this regard. The findings of this study point to flaws in the Iranian civil liability system, as well as its lack of modernity and fault-oriented orientation. Using various legal tools, we must defend users' rights and prevent corporate abuse in the digital domain. Among the recommendations of this paper are the recognition of browsers' legal personality, the use of various mechanisms such as mandatory civil liability insurance, the acceptance of strict liability, and the adoption of special laws governing artificial intelligence.

The study aimed at evaluating steroid biomarker genes (ERα, PGR, ERβ) and determining the expression level of estrogen-regulated genes (SCUB2 and BCL2) and growth factors receptors (HER2 and IGFR1) in cancer tissue samples obtained from Iranian patients with breast cancer. Moreover, relationships with clinicopathologic aspects of tumor and response to treatment were studied.

The current study was conducted on 246 breast tissue samples. The expression levels of these genes and their relationships with clinicopathologic aspects and treatment response were evaluated.

Based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, 12% of the ER negative patients expressed ERα. Comparing the effects of ERα and coexpression of BCL2 and SCUBE2 on the survival of the patients demonstrated remarkably poorer survival in ERα positive, SCUBE2, and BCL2 negative groups in comparison with other patients, which was statistically significant in the logrank analysis (P = 0.01). Evaluation of the effects of coexpression of HER2 and IGFR1 on patients’ survival demonstrated a worse survival rate in patients with positive expression of both receptors, which was insignificant.

Many studies suggest that PGR alone is not enough for the functional evaluation of ERα. Evaluation of the progesterone receptor expression as well as other genes such as BLC2, SCUBE2, and IGFR1, seems necessary to evaluate functionality.

In the present article, the extensive literary works of the famous representative of the Moscow School of Middle Era Oriental Studies, the prominent Azerbaijani orientalist Qazanfar Aliyev, has generally been analyzed and biography is briefly mentioned. In particular, his role in the regular research, publication, and promotion of the valuable literary works of his professor, Yevgeny Eduardovich Bertels, the great Russian orientalist, became clear after his death in 1957 in the Soviet Union. Objectively, the services of the famous expert on Nizami, Q[azanfar] Aliyev, in the study of the poetic works of the Azerbaijani genius poet Nizami Ganjavi (1141-1209 AD) during the former Soviet Union are assessed and Aliyev's role in the study of Nizami and study of Nizami's work on the literature of the whole the Near and Middle East are proudly reiterated. Then, his research on Persian literature in India during the Middle Ages is examined in detail, a significant part of which is related to the study of India in the former Soviet era. Extensive contributions of the Azerbaijani researcher in the study of the literature of the Central Asian nations are also presented, and the value of his works and his own special research on the literary heritage of the Turkmens in the Ancient and the Middle Ages are discussed in detail. Qazanfar Aliyev, the prominent orientalist, is also remembered for his works in translating and publishing valuable and poetic works of the East from Persian to Russian.

Despite the extensive application of methotrexate (MTX) as a chemotherapeutic agent and an immune system suppressor, its therapeutic implementation has been limited due to its poor pharmacokinetics, saturable cellular transport, and insufficient response in some conditions. These limitations have resulted in the development of novel formulations. A pH-dependent MTX release was indicated in our previous study on polyethyleneimine nano-hydrogels; however, it exhibited a fast drug release in phosphate-buffered saline simulating physiologic pH and tonicity conditions. Thus, the current study was aimed at the synthesis of Zn(MTX)2Cl2 complex (MTX-Zn) to modulate drug loading and release under physiologic condition (pH=7.4). MTX-Zn was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by TLC, FT-IR spectroscopy, and Eriochrome Black T complexometric titration. MTX-Zn was then loaded into the nano-hydrogels and purified through ultrafiltration. The final product was evaluated by DLS, Zeta-potential, and TEM. The variations in the drug loading and release in acidic (tumor) and physiologic media were assessed through UV-Vis spectrophotometry and dialysis methods, respectively. A 5-fold enhancement was observed in the MTX solubility in the acetate buffer; while the Log D value increased from -0.66 to 0.1 upon Zn2+ complexation, reflecting an augmentation in the drug lipophilicity. The MTX-Zn loaded nano-hydrogels exhibited desirable physicochemical features like a small hydrodynamic diameter of 125.7 nm and low polydispersity (PDI = 0.14). The results indicated that, the release tests indicated that the release of MTX-Zn involves a combination of diffusion and swelling mechanisms. MTX-Zn complexation can be applied in the sustained drug release from the nano-hydrogel formulations.

The assessment of indoor air quality and detection of its microbial pollutants in classrooms is very important because of the presence of children sensitive to these pollutants. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration and characterization of dominant species of biological aerosols and their relationship with environmental factors in two selected primary schools in Arak, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at two primary schools in Arak, Iran in Fall 2018. Indoor air sampling was performed using single-stage Andersen microbial sampler (at flow rate of 28.3 liters/min) containing bacterial and fungal culture media. The effects of suspended Particulate Matter (PM) and environmental parameters (temperature and humidity) on the density of bioaerosols were evaluated.

This study with an ethics code of IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.76 was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Arak University of Medical Sciences.

The overall mean density of indoor bacteria and fungi was 448 cfu/m3 and 394 cfu/m3, while the mean density of outdoor bacteria and fungi was 210 cfu/m3 and 127 cfu/m3, respectively. There was a positive correlation between indoor density of airborne bacteria and suspected PM concentrations (PM 10 and PM 2.5), and between PM2.5 concentration and indoor fungal density (P<0.05). Penicillium (40%), Cladosporium (19%) and Aspergillus (16%) were dominant species of fungi, while Staphylococcus (42%), Micrococcus (28%), Bacillus (21%) were the dominant species of bacteria.

The age and type of building and the density of students in a classroom are the main factors in increasing the concentration of bioaerosols.

Nurses are subjected to musculoskeletal disorders for the reason of working situations and pressures, which any neglect of them causes a poor quality of hospital services provided to the patients. So, the present study was conducted to develop and evaluate the intervention based on the educational and reduction of musculoskeletal disorders among nurses of Khansar Fatemieh Hospital.

This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 74 nursing staffs of Fatemieh Hospital, Khansar, Iran, who were studied completely as the whole census. Inclusion criteria were nurses who were responsible for patient transmission, with more than one year of work experience and without a case history of musculoskeletal disorders. Exclusion criteria were surgery or accident while studying as well as disinclination to continue taking part in the study. Initially, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was investigated by Nordic Questionnaire and Occupational Risk Factors by Rapid Body Assessment Technique (REBA). Evaluation criteria for the impact of training consisted of training such as film, pamphlets, handouts, informing in telegram channels, etc. Ultimately, after three months of training courses, the workstation was re-assessed through the above methods, and the data were analyzed through SPSS software version 16, Chi-square statistical tests, McNemar and Wilcoxon tests; then the effectiveness of the educational intervention was identified.

The mean age and work experience of the participants were 5.27 (32.83)and 4/55 (7.83) year respectively. The results illustrated that the highest rate of prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was pertinent to the waist (64.90%) and knee (62.20%), wrist (50/00%) in order. The results obtained from the REBA technique indicated that 89.20% of participants were above the range of risk average. After the intervention, statistical tests exhibited a significant reduction in scores and level of risk achieved by the REBA technique (p-value<0/05). Also, the results stated that there was a significant reduction in musculoskeletal pains in the areas of the neck, shoulder, and knee after the intervention (P-value<0.05). But no perceptible change could be observed in the other kinesthetic organs of the body (P-value>0.05).  No significant relationship could be seen between gender, work experience, BMI (Body Mass Index) and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (P-value>0.05) in this study, but the statistical tests indicated that there was a significant relationship between age and pain in wrist area (P-value<0.05).

The results offer that if preventative ergonomic training is part of multidisciplinary interventions and is presented through training such as film, pamphlets, pamphlets, handouts, informing in telegram channels and etc., it may have more influence on the reduction of musculoskeletal disorders.

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth regulator paclobutrazol and hydrogen peroxide on growth, yield and fruit quality of melon (cv. Khatooni), the experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of University of Zanjan. Treatments include pruning (control), thinning, three levels of hydrogen peroxide (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mM) and paclobutrazol at three levels (10, 20 and 30 mg.L˗1) in 4 -6 leaf and fruit set stages. The result showed that foliar application of hydrogen peroxide increased the total soluble solids content. Thinning treatment had no significant effect on growth and fruit quality but increased yield compared to the control plants. Foliar application of paclobutrazol reduced growth and increase yield fruit and total soluble solids content compared to the control plants. According to result, the highest fruit weight, fruit yield and total soluble solid and the lowest number of stem and plant length was obtained with application of paclobutrazol 10 mg.L˗1 at 4 to 6 leaf stage, so foliar application of paclobutrazol (10 mg.L˗1 at 4 to 6 leaf stage) can be proposed instead of plant thinning practice that require too much time and labor for the farmers. Also hydrogen peroxide 7.5 mM increased dramatically total soluble solids contents, sucrose and fructose that it is recommended to improve quality of melon fruit.

Almost a particular insight is effective on the artist’s approach in creating quality of space in his painting. In fact, the general atmosphere in any painting is a reporter of artist’s thought and insight. By examining the foundational of ontology in their approach we have found some similarities and differences between the Iranian painting and the Far East painting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between ontology foundations and painting space. In fact, we are looking for: is the concept of “existence” and “absence ” ( in ontology) effective in negative and positive space painting? To prove this goal, we have analyzed the aesthetics and visual structure in their paintings and compare them in some concept such as (time, place, color, …).
The research method used in this paper is analytical-descriptive and the library resources have been used for these concepts.
This study concludes something that be represented in Iranian and the Far East paintings involves artist’s insight into the knowledge of ontology, so we can see filled space in Iranian painting and empty space in Far East painting which is proved by a comparison of the visual structure of their works.

Attending to psychological status in patients with breast cancer, because of expanded damage and mortality in these patients, is important. The present study investigated the effectiveness of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on depression and Perceived Stress in Patients with breast cancer. This research was a semi-experimental with pretest, post-test and follow-up (1 month), which was conducted from November to February, 2016. In this study, 30 patients with breast cancer who attended Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran city were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly were assigned in 2 experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15) and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and Center Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale were administrated as pretest. Experimental group received 8 sessions of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy SFBT and control group received no intervention. At the end, post-test was administrated on two groups and, repeated measure multi-variable method was used for data analysis by SPSS-21 software. The results of the present study indicated that there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups after administrating SFBT. Thus, the mean of depression and perceived stress of experimental group decreased (P<0.001). The result of study that showed SFBT is effective in decreasing depression and perceived stress in patients with breast cancer. Therefore, in order to improve the positive psychological state in these patients psychological screening must be performed and if needed clinical trials and appropriate intervention be considered.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of range management plans in the Mashhad County. Accordingly, 16 range management plans, approved during 1993 to 2012, were studied in three categories including executed, unexecuted and under execution plans. To achieve this purpose, some questionnaires were prepared with respect to the number of the beneficiaries in 15 range allotments and 48 samples were selected at random. The questionnaires were answered by the beneficiaries and the data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS software. The results showed that the beneficiaries considered the implementation of these plans to be effective; however, they also face a lot of problems. In areas where range management plans are not implemented, beneficiaries believe that these plans cannot solve many of their problems. However, despite all these problems, they hope that the implementation of these plans will reduce the problems of rangelands, including rangeland ownership. Finally, according to the beneficiaries' responses and many interviews conducted, range management plans are evaluated positively from a socio-economic point of view.

Nowadays there is another producing element beside the human, financial and economic capitals, named social capital, which is an aspect of social cooperation. This concept refers to connections and communications of members of a network as a valuable source which cause achievement of goals by creating norms and mutual trust. The governments need the cooperation of public, specially the elites, in execution of economic plans because the cooperation of elites and economic brokers in execution of economic policies of the government shall facilitate the achievement of goals and the feedbacks of the elites to the economic plans of the government may amend the weak points of the government plans and increase the efficiency of the performance of the government. On the other hand the trust of the people to the government may increase their partnership in execution of government plans and political support from the government in such a way that the government may perform its economic, political and social plans more effectively in case of partnership and cooperation of people.
the main objective of this paper is analyzing the effect of social cooperation on economic growth in selected middle income countries.
The results of the model using fixed effects and Generalized Method of Moments in selected countries in the 2013-1994 shows that the social cooperation has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected countries.

One of the important purposes of governments and policymakers are economic system in an attempt to fair distribution of income. In this regard ownerships are one of the most powerful tools for the fair income distribution and the main elements of the countries' economic driver. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is review of the effectiveness of incomes tax as an indicator of Ginny coefficient shows income distribution. The results from estimating model by using the Method of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) during2000-2013 in the group of the selected countries shows that tax incomes have meaningful and negative effect on Ginny index as an indicator shows the distribution of income in the country is selected. One of the important purposes of governments and policymakers are economic system in an attempt to fair distribution of income. In this regard ownerships are one of the most powerful tools for the fair income distribution and the main elements of the countries' economic driver. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is review of the effectiveness of incomes tax as an indicator of Ginny coefficient shows income distribution. The results from estimating model by using the Method of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) during2000-2013 in the group of the selected countries shows that tax incomes have meaningful and negative effect on Ginny index as an indicator shows the distribution of income in the country is selected

Human resources is a key factor in the development of societies. Along with other productive resources and capital, the human capital is also important. The People are more educated and better trained and have better health, greater efficiency and higher production have. On the other hand the importance of economic development and modernization of social event marriages in communities always been considered.Because changes in lifestyle and new needs created over time can lead to changes in the quality of human behavior is Which in turn changes in various aspects of family life, such as marriage and make the continuation of marital life and this requires continuous and detailed study of this crucial event in each time in different societies. In this regard, the main objective of this thesis examines the impact of human capital on the net marriage in Semnan province. The results of the model estimation by OLS for the period 1393-1366 shows that the number of native admitted to universities and higher education institutions as an indicator of human capital has a positive and significant influence on the net Marriage province.

The main goal of this paper is to survey the rate of effectiveness of value added of industry on Gini coefficient as an indicator of income distribution in Iran. The results of estimation model at the method of normal least squares in the period of 1363-1390 show that the value added of industrial workshops including 10 negative and significant working on Gini coefficient as an indicator of income distribution in Iran.

Governments have the main role in governing a country’s activities, for which they need budget. Budget is the artery of a government, sincegovernments do all their financial activitiesincluding obtaining income and paying the costs of various and numerous plans in the framework of the budget law. Therefore, budget reflects the entire picture of agovernment’s plans and activities, and plays a vital role in the development of national economics. In this regard, the roots of budget deficit should be looked for in the realm of political economics, as it is in many cases the result of mismanagement, economic crises, and financial indiscipline caused by political instability within the country. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of political instability and violence on budget deficit in selected middle income countries. This is an applied research by objective, a causal research by method of study, and inferential research by methodology.
Results and Results from model estimation by the method of fixed effects and the generalized method of moments in the group of selected countries in the years between 2000 to 2013 show that instability and violence have a positive and meaningful effect on the budget deficit in the group of selected countries. Political instability increases a government’smilitary spending, and reduces tax revenues due to the decline in the country’s economic activity, resulting in an increase of the budget deficit.

Today, energy and its applications have a special place in human’s life. Energy is the prerequisite of social and economic growth and meets the need for drinking water, food and shelter. In recent decades the energy demand has risen as an important strategic input for production and services and as a significant commodity for users in itself. So, the main objective of the present paper is investigation of the theoretical relationship and the effectiveness of urbanism on energy consumption in selected oil-exporting countries.

This is an applied, comparative and causative research in terms of methodology and an inferential one in terms of writing method.

The results from fixed effects methodology and Generalized Method of Moments in selected countries during 2000-2012 show that urbanism has a positive and significant effect on energy consumption in selected countries.

The main reasons behind higher energy consumption in urbanism have been consumption pattern changes, higher commodity and services demand, and therefore, higher production and transportation, needing more energy.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the most important factors affecting the health expenditures as an indicator of health in the provinces of Iran by using a panel data model. The results of hypothesis testing using fixed effects and GMM for the period 1390-1380 show that there is a positive and significant relationship among health expenditure (as an indicator for health ) and the number of students of university, higher education (as an indicator for human capital), per capita income, and the number of main insured covered by the social security organizations on the basis of voluntary insurance.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are used for delivering drugs and other macromolecular cargo into living cells. In this paper, we investigated the relationship between the structural/physicochemical properties of four new synthetic peptides containing arginine-tryptophan in terms of their cell membrane penetration efficiency. The peptides were prepared using solid phase synthesis procedure using FMOC protected amino acids. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and fluorescence imaging were used to evaluate uptake efficiency. Prediction of the peptide secondary structure and estimation of physicochemical properties was performed using the GOR V method and MPEx 3.2 software (Wimley-White scale, helical wheel projection and total hydrophobic moment). Our data showed that the uptake efficiency of peptides with two tryptophans at the C- and N-terminus were significantly higher (about 4-fold) than that of peptides containing three tryptophans at both ends. The distribution of arginine at both ends also increased the uptake efficiency 2.52- and 7.18-fold, compared with arginine distribution at the middle of peptides. According to the obtained results the value of transfer free energies of peptides from the aqueous phase to membrane bilayer could be a good predictor for the cellular uptake efficiency of CPPs.

Breast cancer is the second leading cancer type among people of advanced countries. Various methods have been used for cancer treatment such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the present study we have designed and synthesized a new group of drug delivery systems (DDS) containing a new class of Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) named Peptide Amphiphiles (PAs). Two PAs and anionic peptides were synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), namely [KW]4, [KW]5, E4 and E8. Then nano-peptides were synthesized by non-covalent binding between PAs and poly anions as [KW]4-E4, [KW]4- 8, [KW]5-E4 and [KW]5-E8. Flow cytometry studies showed that increased chain length of PAs with a higher ratio between hydrophobicity and net charge results in increased intracellular uptake by MCF7 cells after 2h incubation. Moreover, nano-peptides showed greater intracellular uptake compared to PAs. Anti-proliferative assay revealed that by increasing chain length of PAs, the toxicity effect on MCF7 cells is reduced, however nano-peptides did not show significant toxicity on MCF7 cells even at high concentration levels. These data suggest that due to the lack of toxicity effect at high concentration levels and also high cellular uptake, nano-peptides are more suitable carrier compared to PAs for drug delivery.