The Theodicy of "Man's Free Will and the Universe Based on Divine Providence" in Solving the Problem of Evil from Swinburne's Viewpoint

The problem of evil is one of the issues that has long been considered by theists and atheists. Atheists have always used evil as evidence against theism, and theists, on the other hand, have made various analyses to justify the existence of different evils in the universe. The theodicy1 of "man's free will and the universe based on Divine Providence" is one of the theodicies expressed by Richard Swinburne, the contemporary philosopher of religion, in justifying the existence of evil in the universe. According to this theodicy, on the one hand, he believes in man's free will, and on the other hand, he considers the world to be ruled based on laws and characteristics that both bring about the effects that human beings choose based on their own free will and enable human beings to predict and control evil by studying nature. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this research first explains this theodicy and then mentions its problems along with the answers that Swinburne himself has offered.