Overview of documents and resources related to marble and goldsmithing jobs in the Qajar period

The discovery of gold and treasure has a long history and was probably shown in some historical periods of this land. The guild actively engaged in this work, known as marbles or goldsmiths. In this age, underground and treasure hunting meant the acquisition of precious objects found underground, such as pottery and tiles, and objects made of gold, silver, decorative stones, glass, bronze weapons, old coins, and anything else. Types of objects such as those obtained by deliberate or accidental excavation from the soil. However, the fact that this job became a class that countless people did, is a new category that occurred in the Qajar period. They even negotiated with the central government on this issue, and for some time several thousand people have been officially engaged in this work. This is a research work that is mostly based on documents and some sources of Qajar period, including some travelogues, and deals with the performance of this job with a completely critical view and tries to understand this profession analytically-descriptively and its destructive effects on Iranian antiquities. It is something that has been less researched. This job also had an impact on the beginning of Iranian studies in Iran, even before the Western archeological activities in Iran, which were started by the Jews of Iran and they considered themselves as amateur archaeologists (commercial excavators) who also helped the government treasury. Even up to the second Pahlavi period, this class was involved in looting antiquities in the city of Rey and other parts of Iran. 16 December 1312 AH For the first time, the French were granted the privilege of scientific exploration in all parts of Iran.16 December 1312 AH For the first time, the French were granted the privilege of scientific exploration in all parts of Iran. After the formation of the first National Assembly of Iran, it was annulled. Unfortunately, commercial and personal drilling became official