Vegetation of alpine and sub-alpine ecosystems in Iran

In this study, regarding to the diversity of rangeland services, we tried to explain structure of alpine/subalpine ecosystem habitats using a brief review on current data and determine their dominant vegetation types in Iran. In this regard, different vegetation characteristics were determined using the data of the previous project of “Recognition of ecological zones of Iran”. On the basis of the information of mentioned project, the regions above 2700 m a.s.l., equal to 2.2 m ha were considered as alpine/subalpine vegetation zones. These zones, have been categorized according to their vegetation formations (growth forms and plant genus) and the area occupied by bushes and cushion plants, grasses, forbs and Junipers, respectively. The final report of the project of recognition of ecological zones of Iran, has lack of data for vegetation types of the peak areas, wetlands and meadows. According to diversity in vegetation types and structures, selecting the area above 2700 m a.s.l, is not a valid criteria for the alpine vegetation in the whole country’s area, so, it required a up to date and precise criteria to identify and distinguish this areas within different vegetation zones. Therefore, it need further studies according to challenges and opportunities of these areas, which among them, detailed monitoring and conservation, are the most important plans. The complexity and vulnerability of these ecosystems emphasize the priority of eco-restoration plans for these vegetation zones.