studying the activity and influence of British and Russian companies in Fars province during the Qajar period

Developments in Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to the development of world trade and the competition of powerful countries for new markets and an increased supply of raw materials; Under these conditions, Iran was assessed by Britain and Russia in terms of its geographical and political position, and Iran's relations with these two countries increased. due to the special location of the province of Fars, which covers most of the coast of the Persian Gulf and has back trade routes, representatives of foreign companies and government consulates, including Britain and Russia, were present in this province. this article discusses the activities of British and Russian trading companies and their influence in the Persian province. Companies such as Ziegler, Gary Paul, David Sassoon, the Russian Merchant Shipping Company, the Iran-Russia Commercial Complex and the Nikola Avaginians Trading House are included in this reseach study.The findings show that, the variety of business activities of foreign companies serves the export of products such as sheep, animal oil, sheepskin and lamb, in addition to the needs of the two powers in new markets and raw materials in the England and Russia. negative effects on society, among which are the high price of meat and popular protests against it. Iranian merchants set up local companies and firms to deal with foreign companies. however, in the end, the provocations of the Imperial Bank and foreign interference did not allow Iran to enter foreign markets and develop local trading companies.