Guidelines for wastewater reuse in urban non-potable uses

Human civilization has always evolved throughout history with direct access to water resources. Water plays an important role in economic and social developments with its quantitative and qualitative effects. Water has been the axis of sustainable development, which in nature, like energy, is neither created nor destroyed, but transforms from one form to another. One of the problems of the contemporary century that threatens the future of human life is the problem of water shortage. The water crisis is one of the challenges facing the world today. Due to the development of cities and increasing per capita water consumption, a large volume of wastewater is produced. Proper use of this huge water source in non-potable urban uses, in addition to preserving drinking water resources, also prevents environmental pollution. Reuse of treated wastewater for various uses in accordance with environmental standards as a sustainable solution to optimize the management of water consumption in the country is important. The present study is a review study whose data has been obtained through library studies. The purpose of this study is to present and discuss in relation to the sources and types of non-potable urban uses, distribution line guidelines, water quality parameters and the rate of treatment required for wastewater reuse to non-potable urban uses, as well as sociocultural aspects of wastewater reuse. Finally, it must be acknowledged that Iran, as one of the Middle Eastern countries, has experienced a shortage of renewable water resources and is approaching the brink of a water crisis. Therefore, proper management of water resources, optimal use of renewable resources, observance of consumption pattern, use of unconventional water and effluent from wastewater treatment for non-urban drinking purposes, including, irrigation of green space, flash tank toilets, ventilation construction Air conditioning, and firefighting is essential.