Oral squamous cell carcinoma, novel methods for early diagnosis and treatment

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most common oral cavity cancer worldwide, being among the 10 most frequent cancers of all types. Only around 50% of patients survive longer than 5 years in view of currently applied medical procedures of diagnosis and treatment. The delay in diagnosis accounts for the shortening of survival despite advances in treatment protocols. The poor prognosis as well as high occurrence rate exerts a burden on both patients and clinicians. Cancer biomarkers may possibly present cancer profiles of different patients and foreseeing each upcoming therapy response and the subsequent outcomes. Identification of the most fundamental biomarkers in OSCC may lead us to precise detection, which can give rise to earlier diagnosis, more effective treatment options, and more patient oriented prognostic decisions, alleviating the current situation regarding the failure in effectual OSCC management.  In this review, we have outlined the molecular biomarkers for early diagnosis of OSCC and suggested inhibitors through which metastasis and its molecular pathways could potentially be inhibited.