The Role of the Civil Organizations of the Capital's Guilds in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution

The guilds participated in the struggles of the Constitutional Revolution along with other social and political activists. Research on the perpetrators of the Constitutional Revolution has focused on the role and position of clerics, intellectuals and businessmen, and the role of the guild institution has not received much attention. Recognizing this role is necessary to analyze the causes of the emergence and victory of the Iranian Constitution . In the charter of the first elections to the National Assembly, six social strata, including the guilds, had the right to be elected, and 53% of the seats in the capital were allocated to the guilds. Did they reach a position where they alone had more seats in parliament than the other five major social classes? It is hypothesized that the guilds had a large and influential presence during the constitutional revolution and because of their organization, they had institutional cohesion and were organized and coordinated, so they played a key role in the victory of the constitution.