Comparison of ontology, epistemology and methodology of Positivism with Islamic Humanities and its Impact on Humanities Production Process

Today, the foundation of scientific systems in different universities around the world is mainly based on material schools. Among these paradigms, positivism has practically been more influential in the last century. The purpose of the present study was to compare the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of the positivist paradigm and Islamic humanities paradigm and the effects of the two paradigms on the science production process. The key challenge was whether the current humanities needed some reform, or beyond, a fundamental change commensurate with its philosophical foundations. The deductive approach using the available sources of the two paradigms was performed. The results showed that, in general, the philosophical foundations of positivism have serious differences with the foundations of Islamic humanities, and thus the results leaded to two different paradigms with different goals and ends. Therefore, it seems that the method of refining and completing the sciences is not working, and the humanities need to undergo fundamental changes (such as the establishment of the Islamic Humanities System).