seyyed mohammadreza taghavi

Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) is a type of chronic dizziness without rotation, confusion, or unsteadiness, usually exacerbated by standing, active/passive movements, and complex or moving visual stimuli. Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy (VRT) is an effective treatment for people with this disease. This study aimed to determine effect of VRT on the daily life aspects of military men with PPPD.

In this clinical trial, participants were 56 military men with PPPD. They underwent VRT that included exercises for gaze stabilization, adaptation, and habituation. The impact of balance problems caused by PPPD on different physical, emotional, and functional aspects of daily life was evaluated using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) before and one month after the intervention.

There was a significant decrease in functional, emotional, physical, and total scores on the DHI after VRT (p<0.001). The DHI scores at baseline showed a moderate handicap (48.64%) which decreased to a mild handicap (24.53%) after VRT. The lowest score at baseline was related to the functional aspect, which showed the highest improvement after VRT.

The VRT can improve all aspects (physical, emotional, and functional) of daily life in military men with PPPD and diminishes the severity of symptoms. Therefore, this treatment can be used as a suitable treatment for these patients.
IRCT Registration Number: IRCT20230520058237N1

The Frequency Importance Function (FIF) is the main component of the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) for a certain language. The FIF indicates the relative importance of each frequency band as it contributes to speech intelligibility. This study was conducted to determine the FIF for the Persian monosyllabic words and the list of Quick Speech in Noise (QSIN) in Persian language.

In this exploration study, 34 monolingual Persian-speaking subjects aged 25–40 years with normal hearing (17 males) were included. The FIF was evaluated for 100 monosyllabic words and 30 sentences of Persian QSIN under 180 different auditory conditions. The speech recognition scores were calculated and crossover frequencies were determined. Then, the relative transfer function was extracted and FIFs were calculated.

The findings showed that for monosyllabic word material, the FIF had three peaks at 178, 1787, and 4467 Hz and for Persian QSIN, the FIF had an initial peak at about 141 Hz followed by a peak at about 1800 Hz. According to the results, the frequency range 891–8913 Hz is very important for recognition of the Persian words. Moreover, the mean crossover frequencies for the Persian sentences was 1446 Hz.

For monosyllabic word material in the Persian language, the FIF at 708–1778 Hz is very important for recognition of the Persian monosyllabic words. For sentence material in the Persian Language, the FIF at 708–4467 Hz has the highest importance for recognition of Persian sentences.

The study aims to investigate the impact of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) on the auditory processing abilities of patients, including uremic neuropathy. The impairment of auditory processing may result in communication, social, and emotional problems in their lives. Accordingly, this study analyzes the communication abilities and speech perception of noise in CKD patients to identify potential auditory disorders rapidly.

In this cross-sectional-comparative study, the authors randomly selected 30 CKD patients and 29 normal adults aged 20-55, all of whom had normal peripheral hearing. The participants underwent the consonant-vowel (CV) test with five signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and silence. Additionally, the participants completed the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale questionnaire (SSQ), which consisted of three subscales. The scores of the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.

In both groups, the recognition scores for consonant-vowel decreased as the noise level increased. However, the normal group consistently outperformed the CKD patients at all noise levels. Regarding the three subscales of the SSQ, the patients obtained lower scores than the normal group, but this difference was not statistically significant.

Chronic renal failure appears to have a negative impact on speech perception abilities in noise, suggesting auditory neurological involvement in CKD. Although patient self-assessment did not indicate any speech processing disability, conducting regular and periodic assessments of central hearing in CKD patients is still advisable. Early diagnosis of hearing disability can help mitigate its consequences, and appropriate rehabilitation measures should be taken if a disability is detected.

Despite the many successes of clinical psychotherapists over the past half century, a review of the results of current therapies in clinical psychology shows that current approaches are unable to consider all aspects of a disorder simultaneously. Also, these approaches neglect important parts of reality (which are called unseen facts). The multifaceted model of identifying and treating psychological disorders, believes that in order to explain psychological disorders, all components of a disorder should be counted as a whole (deductive) and interact with the perceptual components of the researcher. To be placed. Accordingly, instead of explaining a single factor for this purpose, the author has assumed the perceptual characteristics of human beings, which are sense, intellect, and heart, in the vertical axis by selecting diffuse anxiety disorder, for example, and in the horizontal axis, the characteristic. Considers diffuse anxiety disorders, which include behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects. The present study, while introducing this model, which has the characteristics of flexibility, universality, comprehensiveness and pathology model, guides the practice of the medical model, paves the way for the introduction of religious variables regarding psychological disorders, comparability of different theories, and finally truth. The test provides the claim of religious models.

Today, the foundation of scientific systems in different universities around the world is mainly based on material schools. Among these paradigms, positivism has practically been more influential in the last century. The purpose of the present study was to compare the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of the positivist paradigm and Islamic humanities paradigm and the effects of the two paradigms on the science production process. The key challenge was whether the current humanities needed some reform, or beyond, a fundamental change commensurate with its philosophical foundations. The deductive approach using the available sources of the two paradigms was performed. The results showed that, in general, the philosophical foundations of positivism have serious differences with the foundations of Islamic humanities, and thus the results leaded to two different paradigms with different goals and ends. Therefore, it seems that the method of refining and completing the sciences is not working, and the humanities need to undergo fundamental changes (such as the establishment of the Islamic Humanities System).

Caffeine intake enhances concentration through affecting brain functions. It also improves attention to the signal which is believed to be associated with increased noise tolerance and improved speech perception. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of caffeine intake on simultaneous speech and sound perception in people with normal hearing.

This double-blind study was conducted on 90 people aged 18-34 years (45 males and 45 females), randomly assigned to two intervention groups (receiving 3 and 5 mg/kg caffeine) and a control group (receiving placebo). The acceptable noise level (ANL) test was conducted before and five hours after intervention.

Comparison of ANL scores before and after intervention showed a significant difference in the 3 mg/kg caffeine group (p=0.002), but not in the placebo (p=0.497) and 5 mg/kg caffeine (p=0.146) groups. Between-group analysis showed a significant difference between the placebo and 3 mg/kg caffeine groups in the ANL five hours after (p=0.005), while the difference was not significant between the placebo and the 5 mg/kg caffeine groups (p=0.139). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the ANL between the 3 and 5 mg/kg caffeine groups (p=0.148).

Caffeine intake affects noise tolerance, depending on the dose of caffeine. The ANL and speech tolerance improve five hours after consuming 3 mg/kg of caffeine.

Subjective tinnitus is a phantom auditory perception caused by different factors and affects the patient’s quality of life. The tinnitus pathophysiology is not fully unders tood; therefore, there is no effective treatment for tinnitus. Along with other methods, auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) may be helpful in understanding this condition and the involved struc tures. This study aimed to review the applications of AEPs in tinnitus studies.

The studies investigating tinnitus were categorized into three groups of tinnitus pathophysiology, pre- or post-treatment/intervention evaluation of tinnitus, and objective diagnosis of tinnitus. Contradictory and unrepeatable findings were observed in each group.

Discrepancies in the results of AEPs studies can be due to between-group and within-group differences, lack of proper matching in terms of tinnitus etiology and hearing loss, and difference in neurophysiologic models of tinnitus.