The emergence of the historical bourgeoisie in Safavid IranWith emphasis on the textile industry

This article examines the emergence of the bourgeoisie in Safavid empire and tries to answer this hypothesis that: In the Safavid period, especially during the reign of Shah Abbas I (the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries), in parallel with European countries, Iran was also going through the process of formation of national bourgeoisie and historical capitalism. According to studies, this issue has not been researched so far and most theorists and researchers in the fields of political economy, sociology and political science, in terms of industry and production method, do not believe in the emergence of the historical bourgeoisie in Iran, some consider its beginning in the late Qajar period and after the constitution. But according to many historical data that most of which, are taken from the travelogues of western tourists and later other historical texts, Iran in the Safavid period, especially in the period of Shah Abbas I, witnessed the emergence of a method of production and trade system that can be considered it as an example of the historical bourgeoisie. The definition of the historical bourgeoisie by which the developments and characteristics of the economy of Shah Abbas's period are measured, is formed by Emmanuel Wallerstein. The focus of this research was mostly in the Shah Abbas I period. Also, looking at the art of the Safavid era, it is clear that Iran at that time, intellectually and culturally and only in urban societies, had begun to move towards a kind of materialism.