Rereading the foundations of civilization with a realism approach in the realm of science and philosophy (with emphasis on the view of Allameh Tabatabai)

Allameh Tabatabai's philosophical realism proves the external world with arguments such as the innate knowledge of science to the outside world and the use of the principle of causality. In the epistemological dimension, by explaining the relationship between acquired and face-to-face knowledge and referring the acquired sciences to face-to-face, it proves the process of achieving knowledge in accordance with reality. On the other hand, it is claimed in scientific realism; The supposed theoretical identities in scientific theories tell of the real world, and the world is as scientific theories explain it. But the arguments presented to prove the existence of theoretical identities and the realism of scientific theories are ineffective in proving the claim. Relativity of knowledge and various related matters such as; Ethics, law, politics, art, literature, and in general every important category that depends on cognition and knowledge are the tools of realism and unrealism. . Given that ontological and epistemological realism is directly related to the structure of civilization, social relations, goals and perspectives of a civilization, examining the ontological and epistemological realist approach is an essential step in evaluating different civilizations. Counts. In this research, which has been done by descriptive and analytical methods, while explaining philosophical and scientific realism, we examine their components and arguments.Keywords: realism, ontology, instrumentalism, civilization, science.