Social Ethics Components of an Utopia in Terms of Hafez's Lyric Poems

 Social life in any age requires the familiarity with social norms. Ethical living also requires the familiarity with the right action and correct and constructive interaction with the world. Therefore, recognizing the axes of social ethics and observing its limits will create a civilized society based on ethics. The main purpose of this research is to search in Hafez's lyric poems to find the criteria of social ethics to build a utopia.

 The approach of the present study is descriptive-analytical and is performed qualitatively. In order to conduct this research, Hafez Divan collection has been studied and its verses based on ethics of living and social ethics, which are a kind of Hafez’s statement in this regard, have been extracted and analyzed.

Ethical Considerations:

 In conducting the present study, in accordance with the ethical norms of conducting all research, all aspects of honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

 Hafez's poem is a poem of morality and reliance on the principles of social ethics and ethics of living, but according to the reverse hypocrisy and the language of ridicule that flows throughout Hafez's poems, this centrality of morality manifests itself in the opposite form and in a ridicule way. According to Hafez, a perfect human being is a person who possesses sublime qualities such as coexistence and respect for other beliefs, avoidance of hypocrisy, patience in the face of calamities, freedom, avoidance of authoritarianism, compassion and so on.

 Studying and recognizing Hafez's lyric poems, his views and thoughts, clarifies a part of the individual and living ethics in ancient Persian texts. Moreover, it acquaints man with the Hafez’s essential definition of morality. This acquaintance not only will lead to the purification and training of the human soul in the face of society, but also will provide a basis for the creation of a utopia based on social ethics if its boundaries are observed. In Hafez's poetry, moral teachings are generally expressed indirectly and covertly in the veil of irony and humor.