Systematic Review and Meta−Synthesis of Studies on Why the System of Psychology

Muslims with cultural-belief backgrounds demand special psychological services; moreover, the different between Islamic fundamentals and psychology fundamentals needs to establish a school called "Islamic psychology". Studying the why of a school helps facilitate the criticism with the integration of the essentials, determine the direction of movement, and withdraw or make sure of continuing the path. In addition, a systematic research and meta-synthesis of studies is necessary because of the large amount of information in this field. "Systematic research" is a logical method to find all information in a specific field. "Meta-synthesis" is a method by which the differences and similarities of qualitative researches can be compared with combining their findings. In the stage of the systematic research, 37 journals and 33 masters were identified that after reviewing their works, 60 books, 700 papers, and 18 meetings were extracted. In the stage of meta-synthesis, after deleting unrelated documents, 3 books, 14 papers, 7 interviews, and 14 meetings were summarized, coded, categorized, integrated, and rewritten. According to the results, there are two answers for the why of Islamic psychology school: "the shortages of psychology" and "the contents of Islamic psychology school". The shortages of psychology are placed in six headings: bias, error of foundations, cultural-belief incompatibility, methodology limitation, inefficiency, and value-centeredness. The contents are also placed in five headings: available psychological opportunities, religious psychological knowledge, the need to realize a comprehensive and unique approach, Islamic socialization, and benefits of localization.