A Study and Critique of Lexicographical, Linguistic and Innovative Metonymy in One Hundred Years of Persian Colloquial Poetry (1921-2021)

Metonymy is one of the literary devices produced by people and therefore has good compatibility with Colloquial language in folk poetry. A review of the characteristics of metonymy in the Colloquial poetry of the past century that historically covers the constitutional revolution, the Pahlavi period, and the era of the Islamic Revolution shows a comprehensive utilization of this device.

Essential data for this research has been obtained through study in library resources. Then, these data are examined by descriptiveanalytical method.

The colloquial poems of the Pahlavi period are twice as visual as those of the pre-and later eras and the most ironic language of colloquial poetry also belongs to this period. In contemporary Persian colloquial poems, the most widely used form of imagination is "metonymy". Considering the variety of types of metonymy based on its functionality for the public and the clarity or the secrecy of them, linguistic and lexical types are more suitable for colloquial poetry. Poets' inventive metonymies can also be used in such poems provided that the relationship between the present and absent sides of the speech is not complicated and so does not disturbs the basic philosophy of colloquial poetry, which is the simplicity and easy communication of the audience with the subject. The cooperation between proverbs and ironies in contemporary colloquial poems indicates a kind of harmony between these two elements, since both have their roots in ordinary people's understanding.

Colloquial poems people-friendly poems utilize the literary capacity of metonymy to make softer contact and a deeper connection with the reader. If a folk poet uses both metonymies and proverbs in his literary text, the effect of his words will be more, and it is a common technic that Colloquial poets of the previous century (2021-1920) have utilized very commonly.