Critical Analysis of the Most Important Methods of Orientalists’ Revelation Studies

The issue of revelation is one of the important and essential concepts of monotheistic religions that has always been considered and discussed by the thinkers of the Qur’ānic sciences. In recent centuries, with the increase of studies exploring Islam in the West, one of the arenas for the activity of the orientalists has been this hypothesis that some of the contents of the Qur’ān have been borrowed from the earlier religious and literary books. Explicating this issue is essential in order to prove the rightfulness of Islam and the Qur’ānic revelation as well as its superiority over all the other divine religions. Using the descriptive-analytical method and with a critical approach along with gathering and analyzing the organized data, the study at hand examines the most important methods of orientalists’ revelation studies, including the historical criticism which has developed in the realm of criticism of the Testaments. It covers a wide range of criticisms such as textual, formal, linguistic, literary, and so on.  To the author of the present article, the methods of orientalists’ revelation studies are contrary to the Islamic thought, and each of their principles faces critical faults. The most comprehensive and firmest hypothesis that has been proposed so far as to the origin of the Qur’ān is propounded by the Qur’ān itself. It is a hypothesis which is supported by many narrative and intellectual reasons, and is the best account and interpretation for the truth (with all of its features) extant in the Qur’ān. Research’s findings show that Western researchers and orientalists have put forward the existing hypotheses about the origins of the Qur’ān by resorting to these principles as well as considering the similarities that exist between the Qur’ān and the former sources like the Torah and the Bible. None of these hypotheses are accepted by Muslims, and their claims contain mythological problems even based on their own foundations.