Cell and Drug Therapy in Renal Fibrosis with Emphasis on Cellular and Molecular Pathways: A Systematic Review

Renal fibrosis, with multiple aetiologies, is the typical pathological symptomof almost all chronic Kidney diseases and the most reliable indicator of CKD progression to end- stage renal failure. Kidney disease affects a variety of kidney cells and compartments and causes the spread of fibrosis called glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and perivascular fibrosis. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of kidney fibrosis. Kidney disease affects a variety of existing cells and the compartment of the kidney and causes a variety of fibrosis called glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and perivascular fibrosis.

In this study, a comprehensive review of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in renal fibrosis, along with drug therapy and cell therapy used to improve the disease, by searching the databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar was performed from 2010 to 2022.

Findings from studies showed that optimal cell therapy methods have fewer side effects than drug therapy. Due to the type of fibrosis involved in the kidney, it will be possible to repair it using stem cells. TGFB1 signaling seems to play an important role in the development of renal fibrosis, and drugs used to improve renal fibrosis often address the importance of the TGFB1 signaling pathway, which in addition to the relative improvement of the disease, has many side effects.: The use of cell therapy in the treatmentof chronic kidny fibrosis has more appropriate effects and fewer side effects than drug therapy, and mesenchymal stem cells are the most suitable candidates for transplantation.