behnaz ahrabi

Although the effect of adriamycin, a chemical drug used to treat cancer, is known to affect gametogenesis and ovarian function, the drug’s effect on endometrial receptivity and expression of integrin genes is unclear. To fill this gap, we aimed to investigate the effect of adriamycin on the expression of integrin genes that play a role in endometrial receptivity.

A total of 32 female rats weighing about 200 g were tested in the present study. The rats were divided into 4 groups: Healthy (sham), control, and experimental, with adriamycin at 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg doses for 6 weeks. Two weeks after the injection of adriamycin at an 8 mg/kg dose in the treatment group, all rats were sacrificed, but the treatment group with a 4 mg/kg dose of adriamycin continued the treatment. Then, the estrus phase was determined in the three groups using vaginal smears. The endometrial tissue was removed, and gene expression levels of α1β1, α1β4, and ανβ3 genes were evaluated using Real-time PCR methods in the three groups.

The rats’ weight decreased significantly in the treatment group with adriamycin. The process of weight loss was found to be dose-dependent. Integrin gene expression in the adriamycin group in the estrus phase had no significant difference compared with that in the control and sham groups (P>0.05). In the adriamycin group, the expression of integrin α1 increased significantly (P<0.05; P=0.013).

The expression of integrin genes did not change, except for integrin alpha1 (intgα1), during the estrus phase in the endometrium treated with adriamycin drug. Probably, adriamycin did not have any effect on the expression of integrin genes.

Exposure to pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been revealed to affect the differentiation and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp multipotent stromal stem cells (DP -MSCs). This study aimed to investigate the differentiation effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the DP-MSC.

PEMF was produced by a system comprising a multi -meter autotransformer, solenoid coils, and teslameter. This study included 10 groups of DP-MSCs which underwent different electromagnetic radiation time and beam intensity. Three samples tested for each group. The effect of PEMF with the intensity of 0.5 and 1 mT (mili Tesla) and 50 Hz on the proliferation rate of DP-MSC was evaluated at 20 and 40 minutes per day for seven days. MTT assay was applied to determine the growth and proliferation of DP-MSC. Gene expression of DMP1 for differentia tion of DPSCs to odontoblasts was confirmed by Real Time PCR., ANOVA statistical analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data.

The survival in all exposure groups was significantly higher than that in control except in the group of 40 minutes, 1 mT (P<0.05). In 20 minutes, 0.5 mT exposure, the survival intensity is significantly more than others (P<0.05). In general, the intensity of survival was recorded, 20, 0.5 mT ≥20, 1 mT ≥40, 0.5 mT≥40, 1 mT respectively. Therefore, according to the obtained results, ELF-EMF increases the survival of cells except for one case (40 minutes, 1mT), even though the effective underlying mechanisms in this process are still unclear.

The results obtained promise that in the future, by placing an important part of the pulp next to the electromagnetic field, the lost part of the pulp can be reconstructed and the dentin barrier can be created.

Chronic and progressive damage to the kidney by inflammatory processes, may lead to an increase in the extracellular matrix production, a condition known as renal fibrosis. The current study aims to evaluate if the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from autophagic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can reduce the inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in damaged kidney tissue.

Autophagy was induced in ADMSCs using 2μM concentration curcumin and was confirmed by evaluating LC3B, ATG7, and Beclin1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. An in vitro renal fibrotic model was established in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 (0.8mM) for 24 and 72 hours. The fibrotic model was confirmed through evaluation of collagen I, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, and vimentin genes expression using real-time PCR, collagen I protein by ELISA. After induction of fibrosis for 24 and 72 hours, the HEK cells were treated with NEVs (non-autophagy EVs) (50μM) or AEVs (autophagy EVs) (50μM) at 48, 96, and 124 hours, and then the samples were collected at 72 and 148 hours. Expression of collagen I, TGF-β1, E-cadherin, and vimentin Genes was evaluated via RT-PCR, and protein levels of IL1, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 using ELISA.

Induction of autophagy using curcumin (2μM) for 24 hours significantly increased LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG7 in the ADMSCs. Upregulation in anti-fibrotic (E-cadherin) and antiinflammatory (IL4, IL10) gene expression was significantly different in the fibrotic model treated by AEVs compared to NEVs. Also, the downregulation of fibrotic (TGF-β1, vimentin, collagen I) and pro-inflammatory (IL1, TNFα) gene expression was significantly different in AEVs compared with those treated by NEVs.

Our findings suggest that AEVs can be considered as a therapeutic modality for renal fibrosis in the future.

Renal fibrosis, with multiple aetiologies, is the typical pathological symptomof almost all chronic Kidney diseases and the most reliable indicator of CKD progression to end- stage renal failure. Kidney disease affects a variety of kidney cells and compartments and causes the spread of fibrosis called glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and perivascular fibrosis. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of kidney fibrosis. Kidney disease affects a variety of existing cells and the compartment of the kidney and causes a variety of fibrosis called glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and perivascular fibrosis.

In this study, a comprehensive review of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in renal fibrosis, along with drug therapy and cell therapy used to improve the disease, by searching the databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar was performed from 2010 to 2022.

Findings from studies showed that optimal cell therapy methods have fewer side effects than drug therapy. Due to the type of fibrosis involved in the kidney, it will be possible to repair it using stem cells. TGFB1 signaling seems to play an important role in the development of renal fibrosis, and drugs used to improve renal fibrosis often address the importance of the TGFB1 signaling pathway, which in addition to the relative improvement of the disease, has many side effects.: The use of cell therapy in the treatmentof chronic kidny fibrosis has more appropriate effects and fewer side effects than drug therapy, and mesenchymal stem cells are the most suitable candidates for transplantation.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune and chronic diseases of the central nervous system; this disease occurs more frequently in young people and women and leads to neurological symptoms. Oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and oligodendrocyte dysfunction have a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Nowadays it is reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) as a non-invasive treatment has neuroprotective potential, but the exact mechanisms are not understood.

In this study, we reviewed the effects of PBM on MS. In this regard, we used the keywords “Photobiomodulation”, “Laser therapy”, and “Low-level laser therapy” on MS to find related studies on this subject in PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, Medline, and Scopus databases.

PBM has positive effects on MS by regulating the inflammatory process, controlling immune cell activity and mitochondrial functions, as well as inhibiting free radicals production which finally leads to a reduction in neurological defects and an improvement in the functional status of patients.

Overall, researchers have suggested the use of laser therapy in neurodegenerative diseases due to its numerous therapeutic effects.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive and severe neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). The most prominent features of this disease are cell reduction in the substantia nigra and accumulation of α-synuclein, especially in the brainstem, spinal cord, and cortical areas. In addition to drug-based treatment, other therapies such as surgery, cell therapy, and laser therapy can be considered. In this study, articles on cell therapy and laser therapy for PD have been collected to evaluate the improvement of motor function, cell differentiation, and dopaminergic cell proliferation.

Articles were collected from four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 2010 to 2022. The keywords were “photobiomodulation”, “low-level light therapy”, “Low-level laser therapy”, “near-infrared light”, “Parkinson’s disease”, “Parkinsonism”, and “stem cell therapy”. About 100 related articles were included in the study.

The results of the studies showed that cell therapy and laser therapy are useful in the treatment of PD, and despite their limitations, they can be useful in improving PD.

Concomitant use of cell therapy and photobiomodulation therapy can improve the symptoms of PD

Many systemic and ocular diseases cause macular edema (ME). Macular edema is seen in two primary forms; the first is diffuse thickening of the macula, and the other is a macula with a distinct petaloid (cloverleaf) appearance called cystoid macular edema. Macular edema has a known role in the reduction of visual equity, and many options have been proposed for the reversal of this condition.

Articles on the effects of macular laser grid photocoagulation on diabetic macular edema (DME) or cystoid macular edema published between 2000 and 2022 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used for the search: “macular laser photocoagulation”, “macular edema”, “cystoid macular edema”, “intravitreal pharmacotherapies”, and “antivascular endothelial growth factor”. Two hundred nineteen articles were found in google scholar and 165 articles in PubMed, and a total of 58 articles were included in the study after applying the exclusion criteria.

We investigated the effects of various lasers photocoagulation such as Focal and/or grid macular laser, subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL), as well as intravitreal pharmacotherapies with triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone, and extended released intraocular implants such as Ozurdex, Retisert, Iluvien, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors such as bevacizumab (Avastin), Eyela, and Lucentis. Corticosteroids were more effective than lasers, although some researchers have found that lasers and combined lasers and corticosteroids are more effective. In addition, some studies have shown that the frequency and concentrations of intravitreal pharmacotherapies are effective in increasing visual outcomes.

The results of the studies showed that the combined intravitreal corticosteroids are much more effective in improving visual acuity (VA) than a single corticosteroid, and the low concentration of the drug is safer. Still, corticosteroids have side effects such as increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Therefore, combining the medication with a laser is much more reasonable than each alone. Also, the subthreshold photocoagulation laser (670 nm) is better at reducing the central macular thickness (CMT) and improving VA than the micro pulse yellow laser and pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease by investigating several studies.

A number of articles from 1998 to 2019 were chosen from the sources of PubMed, Scopus, and only the articles studying the effect of low-power lasers on kidney disease were investigated.

After reviewing the literature, 21 articles examining only the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease were found. The results of these studies showed that the parameter of the low-power laser would result in different outcomes. So, a low-power laser with various parameters can be effective in the treatment of kidney diseases such as acute kidney disease, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, nephrectomy, metabolic syndrome, and kidney fibrosis. Most studies have shown that low-power lasers can affect TGFβ1 signaling which is the most important signaling in the treatment of renal fibrosis.

Lasers can be effective in reducing or enhancing inflammatory responses, reducing fibrosis factors, and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in kidney disease and glomerular cell proliferation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a low-power laser on the proliferation, migration, differentiation of different types of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in different studies.

The relevant articles that were published from 2004 to 2019 were collected from the sources of PubMed, Scopus, and only the articles specifically examining the effect of a low-power laser on the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of the MSCs were investigated.

After reviewing the literature, only 42 articles were found relevant. Generally, most of the studies demonstrated that different laser parameters increased the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the MSCs, except the results of two studies which were contradictory. In fact, changing the parameters of a low-power laser would affect the results. On the other hand, the source of the stem cells was reported as a key factor. In addition, the combination of lasers with other therapeutic approaches was found to be more effective.

The different parameters of lasers has been found to be effective in the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of the MSCs and in general, a low-power laser has a positive effect on the MSCs, helping to improve different disease models.

The mammal's inner ear is responsible for hearing and balance. To perform these tasks, it requires the vestibular and cochlear system. Sensor neural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common type of hearing loss resulting in degeneration of internal sensory hair cell, where cochlear nerve in cochlear stem cell and gene-based strategies provide the opportunity for replacement for these cells.

In this review, we evaluated the efficiency of stem cell therapy in inner ear.

In this study we examined different articles in different databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier.

The stem cells have offered desired results in the delivery of gene and tissue engineering programs. Evidence suggests that stem cells are considered as a promising tool in medical applications thanks to their high plasticity and trophic characteristics.

In this review, Stem cell transplantation is widely used in clinical practice, and the source is highly desirable, since the patient's bone marrow cells can be potentially transplanted without any safety problems.

Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs), a type of adult stem cells, secrete bioactive molecules such as trophic factors, growth factors, chemokine and cytokines that may be effective against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.In this study, we examined the protective effect of BMSCs conditioned media CM) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on PC12 cells exposed to H2O2 as an oxidative injury model. BMSCs were cultured and confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and underwent osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Then, PC12-H2O2 cells were co-treated with BMSCs-CM and PBMT. The effect of BMSCs-CM and PBMT (He-Ne laser, 632.8 nm, 3 mW, 1.2 J/cm2, 378 s) on Bax/Bcl2 expression, cell viability, was assessed by real-time PCR and MTT assay. The length of the Neurite and cell body areas were assessed by Cell A software. Flowcytometry analysis, as well as osteogenic and adipogenic staining, confirmed the BMSCs. The length of the Neurite was the highest in the group which received CM+PBMT and cell body areas were significant in CM+PBMT compared to other groups. Based on our results, elevating H2O2 concentration increased cell death significantly and using concentrations of 250 μM resulted in a dramatic increase in the mortality compared to the other groups. Our result demonstrated that the combination of CM +PBMT has a protective effect on PC12 cells against oxidative stress.