Hart’s Positivist Philosophy of Law and its Effects on Public aw

Philosophy of law is one of the most complex and difficult branches of law, as well as philosophy, which seeks to determine the legal truth of law (law as it is). Legal positivism, as one of the philosophical schools of law, with a morally neutral theory, makes the conceptual description of law possible and necessary. According to this school of law, positive laws are laws adopted by governments, and in the context of the analysis of this school, public law emerges as a branch of law whose main mission is to study the rules governing the organization of internal and external relations of the state in its general sense, by designing general theory with a correct and in-depth understanding of its fundamental concepts. Herbert Hart’s legal theory, with a hermeneutical approach to legal rules, seeks to understand the legal system through introspective analysis and semantics of legal rules. Through a comprehensive analysis of the formulation of legal rules, while adhering to a minimum of the natural law, it also seeks to depict a system of law in which following the law is internalized, not as mere following the ruler; this system of law proposes the theory of distinction between the primary rules and the secondary rules, as well. Therefore, this descriptive-analytic research analyzes Hart’s positivism in the field of public law.