Explaining the foundations of the divergence of Islamic countries and the failure of the idea of Islamic unity in the contemporary period

In the first Islamic centuries experienced a glorious civilization in a convergent and synergistic manner within the framework of a unified Islamic government. In the contemporary period, the Islamic world, after the decline and collapse of the Islamic caliphate order and in the face of modernity and the political system of the nation-state of Western civilization and nationalism has been fragmentation. Accordingly, it is divided into many small and medium-sized nation states. In the last century, some reformers and Islamic political activists, influenced by the early history of Islam and the Qur'an teaching of the “United Ummah” or "Islamic Ummah", have proposed the unity and solidarity of the Islamic world to rebuild and revitalize Islamic civilization and confront the dominating Western powers. In the new era, although many efforts have been made, but so far no tangible achievements of unity and convergence have been observed in the Islamic world. Therefore, the main question is what are the main problem and root causes of lack of convergence and domination of divergent forces over convergent elements in the Islamic world and why the idea of Islamic unity has failed. In this research, has attempted to explain the roots and fundamental causes of divergence in the Islamic world. The results show that the conceptual ambiguity of the Islamic world, economic non-complementarity of Islamic countries, dependence on the world outside Islam and competition and ideological contradictions of regional powers in the Islamic world have caused divergent Islamic countries.