Criticism and analysis of the equivalence of cultural layers in three Arabic plays by Tawfiq Al-Hakim based on the approach of Michel Balar

The effect of translation on the transmission of the message of the source language to the target language is undeniable. The more accurate and fluent the translation, the more the audience will benefit from the main concepts. Previously, language-based approaches used the text as a unit of translation. This made the study of cultural layers in translation challenging. With the change of translation unit, the fidelity of the target text to the source text took on a different meaning and translation was considered as a tool for creating cultural communication between ethnic groups. In other words, translation studies was used as a tool to examine the role of the translated text as an independent work in cultural interactions. The present study intends to use descriptive-analytical method and library tools to study how popular culture is translated based on Michel Ballar's division. Based on this, three plays by Tawfiq al-Hakim; The prominent Egyptian author has been selected as "Al-Hub Al-Azri", "Al-Shams wa Al-Qamar", "Sahib Al-Jalala". The data of the article were analyzed semantically and semantically based on the principles of translational research and confrontational linguistics, analysis and strategies used in expression, and the characteristics of equations. The results show that the cultural layers have been translated into the target language to a large extent correctly and with the most familiar words and phrases.