Evaluation of seed priming by salicylic acid and gibberellin on early maturity, germination and yield components two canola genotypes

Canola is one of the most important oilseeds that plays a major role in providing human edible oil and in this regard, it is in the third place after soybean and palm oil. There are many strategies to improve growth, yield and precocity in plant species including rapeseed. Seed priming is a pre-planting strategy that is very effective in improving germination, grow rate, seedling establishment and early maturity. As a result, considering the importance of increasing the quantity and quality of rapeseed and the positive effects that treatment has on improving germination, increasing yield and early maturity in rapeseed, In this study, investigating the effect of seed priming by gibberellin and salicylic acid on the characteristics of germination, growth and seed yield of canola was done.

In this research, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three factors. The first factor of genotype (Lord and Hayola 308), the second factor of salicylic acid (zero, 750, 1500 and 2250 μM) and the third factor of gibberellin (zero, 750, 1500 and 2250 μM) with three replications in research greenhouses of University of Agricultural Sciences and Resources Natural Sari was done in 1397. Canola seeds were immersed in the solution of the mentioned salicylic acid and gibberellin treatments for 24 hours at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. After passing the desired period, the seeds were washed with distilled water and completely dried on filter paper, which were immediately cultivated after drying. Germination percentage, first day of emergence, last day of emergence, time spread of emergence, day to maturity, 1000-seed weight, number of pods per plant, plant height, pod length, number of seeds per pod and yield were measured. At the end, all statistical analyzes of the data obtained from this experiment, after ensuring their normality, were performed using SAS and SPSS software.

The results of analysis of variance showed that seed priming by salicylic acid and gibberellin treatments had a significant effect on all traits except pod length at the level of one percent. The interaction of genotype with salicylic acid and the interaction of genotype with gibberellin were significant for all traits. The interaction of salicylic acid with gibberellin and the triple interaction of gibberellin with salicylic acid with genotype were significant for all traits except pod length. The results of mean comparison showed that the use of seed priming of salicylic acid and gibberellin, with increasing germination percentage, reducing the range of emergence and decreasing the day to maturity caused early ripening in rapeseed. In addition, by increasing the yield components such as number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, height and length of pods, also increased grain yield. The results also showed that the combined application of 1500 μM levels from both treatments (salicylic 1500 × gibberellin 1500) has the greatest effect on increasing yield components and grain yield, so that grain yield in Lord genotype from 7.5 (gram per pot) to 12.1 (gram per pot) And in Hayola 308 genotype increased from 4.1 (g/pot) to 6.89 (g/ pot).

In general, the results showed that among the different concentrations of treatment, lower concentrations of these treatments were more effective in inducing prematurity and increasing yield. And among the cultivars used, Lord genotype has a higher but late yield, which can be solved by treating the problem of late maturity and as the best genotype in terms of early maturity and high yield under the influence of treatments, especially at the level of 1500 salicylic acid × Gibberellin introduced 1500 μM