Structural analysis of the basic challenges of good urban governance by PLS method (Case study: Tabriz metropolis)

The purpose of urban governance is to strengthen the process of urban development so that city dwellers change from a passive citizen to an active and responsible citizen.Reform and revision of the country's urban management system with structural changes and the content of new perspectives in the field of urban management has been seriously emphasized. The purpose of the present study is the structural analysis of the basic challenges of decent urban governance, which is based on the purpose of the applied type and in terms of "nature and method" of the "descriptive-analytical" type. The statistical population is the metropolis of Tabriz and the sample size was obtained using the easy sampling method (132 people). The data collection method is a simple random method using a researcher-made questionnaire. To calculate the validity, the content and face validity method and technique were used and to assess the reliability of the research questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha (optimal reliability = 0.86) was used. Structural equation modeling method using partial least squares method has been used to analyze the data. The quantitative results of the research show the good fit of the structural equation model and its generalizability, and the qualitative results show the multiplicity of management and decision-making, and consequently the transparency and rule of law in the overt and covert decisions of city managers and the existence of stakeholders and stakeholders. Urban is an important challenge of urban governance in the case area, which requires attention to innovative activities to improve urban governance.