The Effect of HIIT Exercise with Creatine Supplementation on Systemic Stress Protein: A Quasi-experimental Study of Gender and Type of Recovery

Studies have shown that participation in intense and increasing exercise causes delayed damage to the muscle fiber membrane. Because the best type of recycling is not known between training sessions, using methods such as active recycling or creatine supplementation may have beneficial effects through faster removal of fatigue-related factors or the availability of energy sources such as creatine phosphate. On the other hand, the processes of anemia - re-injection of blood, autoxidation of catecholamines, induction of the activity of inflammatory cells as well as neutrophils due to tissue damage in this active species, intensify this activity. Continuation of this process increases free radicals and consequently oxidative stress, and the body of living organisms needs an antioxidant system to limit the harmful effects of free radicals. The range of active antioxidants in the body includes endogenous enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants present in meals. Studies have shown that the production of free radicals during strenuous exercise stimulates the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Research shows that under physiological conditions, such as strenuous exercise, in which athletes at competitive levels experience excessive training, such as frequent repetitions of competitions throughout the day, to achieve high levels of performance, endogenous antioxidants cannot be completely eliminated. Prevent oxidative damage. For this reason, in recent years, researchers have been looking for strategies to reduce fatigue and maintain performance for athletes by reducing the factors that affect physical performance during and after intense intermittent exercise. Creatine supplementation is one of the most commonly used strategies by athletes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training with creatine supplementation and two types of active in-water and out-of-water recovery on heat shock protein in men and women swimmers.

 In this quasi-experimental study, 32 non-professional swimmers (16 men and 16 women) with at least 6 months of swimming experience and position in the city with an average anaerobic power of 497 watts per kg participated. Men and women were each randomly divided into two subgroups: in-water recovery (8 men and 8 women) and out-of-water recovery (8 men and 8 women). All groups performed 6 50-meter sprints with a 120-second rest interval (depending on the type of recovery in and out of the water) before and after 6 days of creatine supplementation (4 servings of 5 g per day for 6 days). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures.

 The findings of the combined analysis of variance test showed that the main effect of measurement time was significant. The main effect of recovery was also significant. In addition, the interaction of measurement time with recovery was significant. The interactive effect (measurement time وری recovery × gender) was not significant. In addition, the results of intragroup analysis of variance test with repeated measures on the measurement factor showed that complementary intervention improves HSP72 in both sexes. Also, differences between groups using two-way analysis of variance test showed that the amount of HSP72 after rest, the third and sixth repetition without creatine was not significant. Also at rest and after the third repetition with creatine was not significant but after the sixth Recurrence with creatine supplementation was significant in both sexes.

 The results of the present study show that despite the relative decrease in the mean HSP of the groups after the supplementation period, this difference is not significant and there is no interaction between the independent variables in relation to HSP. Regarding the better condition of the in-water group than the out-of-water group, the present study on further reduction of HSP72 also pointed to the possibility of better regulation of body temperature in water during methionine recycling, which leads to removing or reducing the excitatory effect of heat as a production stimulus. HSP70 caused a drop in the group average after recycling. The lack of significant HSP adjustment among research groups after recovery probably led to the indirect inference that HSP was not highly adjusted in athletes following exercise. The researchers explain why HSP decreases in people who train with high repetition. When a muscle trains better progressively, there is a decrease in HSP due to cellular regulatory mechanisms. Also, when people who have not exercised begin to exercise, there is a false increase in their HSP, which will decrease over time and as the exercise progresses. The researchers said that the higher the amount of exercise, the thinner the amount of HSP. Researchers believe that HSP has a negative self-regulatory mechanism that is regulated by its own synthesis. It can probably be said that HSP does not change as much in trained people as it does in the untrained ones. However, in terms of the type of recycling, the in-water group was in a better position than the out-of-water group. In the present study, supplementation had no significant effect on HSP compared to the period without supplementation, and its interaction with the type of recycling did not make a significant difference in HSP. Studies show that 95% of creatine is stored in skeletal muscle, and creatine supplementation also increases muscle creatine content. Research on the effects of creatine supplementation on muscle phosphocreatine has provided evidence of increased creatine vigor. Another issue addressed in this study was the difference in HSP72 response between men and women to exercise, and the issue of gender impact was raised. In this study, it was concluded that the level of HSP72 in male and female athletes is similar on average and there is no significant difference. Although exercise increased HSP72, it was similar in male and female athletes and was not affected by gender. Also, in this study, the positive effects of specialized recovery in the mentioned indicators following high-intensity intermittent swimming were not found.