Collective Identity and Attitude Towards Democracy (Comparative study between Western Europe, Middle East and emerging Asian countries)

Today, the phenomenon of democracy has become a global and widespread phenomenon, but despite this, a number of countries have not yet entered this Jirga, and some that have joined this phenomenon, do not have the same level of growth and prosperity of democracy. . Several factors are effective in the emergence, growth and prosperity of democracy and the attitude towards it. One of these influential factors is “collective identity”. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between collective identity and attitude towards democracy. In order to achieve this goal, Inglehart’s global survey data set was used during the years 2017-2020. The statistical population of this research is Western European countries (Germany, Sweden and Spain), Middle Eastern countries (Iran, Iraq and Egypt) and emerging Asian countries (Turkey, South Korea and Malaysia). The results of the research showed that the dominant type of collective identity affects the attitude and recognition of democracy. Also, the results of the research show a different attitude towards democracy among the three groups of the mentioned countries. According to these results, Western European countries have a higher score, followed by Middle Eastern countries and then emerging Asian countries. Also, the results of the research show that some of the index variables of democracy are in contradiction with the cultural and value structure of societies.