The Effect of Surrender of the Seller at the Time of Transfer of Ownership of Immovable Property from the Point of View of Article 62 of the Law on Permanent Programs of the Development Decrees of the Country

The sale contract is one of the most important and common contracts in Iran's society and legal system. Due to the role and importance of this contract in business relations between people in the society, it has been constantly receiving the attention of researchers and legal scholars. Regarding the sale contract, there are many issues, one of the most prominent of which is the issue of the effects of the concluded sale contract, which includes submission and the time of transfer of ownership. Different legal systems do not have a single opinion regarding the time of transfer of ownership in the contract of sale, and according to the type of transaction in the contract of sale, the time of transfer of ownership of the seller is different. The civil law of Iran, which is derived from the rich source of Imamiyyah jurisprudence, considers the transfer of ownership of the seller to be the time when the contract of sale is concluded, and based on articles 338 and 339 and the first paragraph of article 362 of the aforementioned law and the jurisprudence rule "the seller is the owner of the contract" at the moment of the sale contract, the seller is the owner. The seller knows the customer and the price. According to the registration regulations, regarding the delivery of the immovable property traded in the contract of sale, the transfer of the official document also indicates the delivery of the sold to the buyer. The law on the programs of permanent decrees for the development of the country also sought to resolve the conflict between the previously approved laws and at first it supported official transfers and under Article 62 of the aforementioned law, it recognized and submitted transfers of immovable property with valid normal documents. At the time of transfer, the ownership has been recognized as valid according to the previous laws. In general, the legal rules are based on the fact that the time of transfer of ownership is the time of the conclusion of the contract, and the handing over of the seller is one of the effects of the same contract, and of course, in exceptional cases, we will encounter cases where the bill of sale or the price is a condition for the validity of the contract, and at the time If the condition is fulfilled, the ownership is transferred, but it should be noted that the handing over of the seller is one of the effects of the contract of sale, that the ownership of the sold has taken place at the moment of the contract, and the handing over of the seller is not necessarily one of the effects of the transfer of ownership, except for other exceptional cases that are considered in the civil law. They have considered the condition of validity of the contract of sale.