The Role of the Construction of Urban Water Supply Network in Tehranon the Spatial Layout of Residential Areas (By Reviewing Some Case Studies)

Water supply in the geographical area of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, until the late Pahlavi era and for many years, was provided through traditional and simple methods. People used canal water from streams and underground rivers to meet their basic needs such as washing and cleaning. Additionally, the water needed for the storage tanks and most of the household basins was supplied through canals. In houses, spaces such as kitchens, toilets, and bathhouses were usually located in the yard and separate from the living space, and the required water for them was mainly provided from storage tanks for the kitchen or the basin for the toilet. The high number of damages and the occurrence of various diseases such as typhoid, baldness, and intestinal swelling caused by consuming contaminated water and not observing hygiene, prompted the Iranian government to consider piping for providing drinking water to the people. Therefore, the main question of this research is how much piping and water supply through a specific route (pipeline system) has played a role in the spatial arrangement in residential architecture. The aim of this study is also to examine and investigate the first water supply system in Tehran through piping and its impact on the formation of residential architecture. The research is qualitative and uses a mixed method of interpretive historical research and descriptive-analytical method. The research results show that one of the significant factors in changing the spatial arrangement of residential architecture in Tehran was the construction of the pipeline network and the transfer of water into homes. The transformation of the spatial structure of houses from two-part to one-part, consisting of 60% building and 40% courtyard, is considered one of the most important results of constructing a pipeline network for Tehran. Also, as a result of the construction of the pipeline network, wet spaces such as kitchens were relocated closer to the entrance to use the main branch of the water supply, providing a basis for women's presence in the public space of the house.