نشریه مطالعات فضا و مکان
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، پاییز 1402)

Sound comfort is one of the discussions that has double importance in the library. This research has been investigated and compared in the reading rooms of girls and boys of Tabriz library. In order to improve the sense of attachment to the place in libraries, the importance and necessity of achieving a proper sound distribution increases. Research objectives; Achieving acoustic comfort and a sense of belonging to the place for users in the library and the desirability of the environment. From the recent studies in the field of library, architectural dependent and independent acoustic variables (geometric, subjective, objective, proportions) have been separated. The research method is descriptive and through the correlation of the mentioned variables and it was done by distributing the questionnaire and analyzing the data in SPSS software. The results of the research mean users' opinions in the geometric dimension of girls 3.087 and boys 3.579, in the mental dimension girls 4.093 and boys 3.998, in the objective dimension girls 3.828 and boys 3.733 and in the aspect of proportions girls 3.938 and boys 804 It shows 3/ and it means that; The mental dimension has the highest effect and the level of attachment of girls is the highest among both sexes. Therefore, it is emphasized that in order to improve the sense of place in the design of study and educational spaces, more attention should be paid to the use of surfaces with fibers and shells, and in some parts, the use of holes. The innovation of the research acknowledges that the range of wide and higher frequencies produced by the larynx of girls makes it more necessary to use fibers and shells on the surfaces of spaces reserved for girls in order to increase the sense of attachment to the place by creating acoustic comfort.

In recent decades, extensive studies have been conducted in environmental psychology, which investigates behavior considering human needs in the context of the physical environment and daily life. However, due to the lack of appropriate measure tools to apply the results in architecture, especially about housing, it has not helped much to increase the liveliness and subsequently improve the users of residential buildings' quality of life on a macro scale (society). Therefore, the question of current research is how the mechanism of the impact of architecture quality on the liveliness and improvement of residents' quality of life can be explained and how the results can be applied in practice. Thus, this study has purposefully considered the psychological concept of liveliness as one of the desirable human goals and operationally described it as a qualitative degree of the environment, using a qualitative method of meta-synthesis. Hence, an interdisciplinary systematic comprehension of the optimal design process and its resulting physical factors would be achieved, by using the principles of environmental psychology. It should meet the users' various needs to make the environment meaningful. As a result, creating positive levels of the sense of place affects the persons' feelings and behaviors, affording liveliness and high quality of life in the context of residential spaces as much as possible. In this regard, related physical factors were coded and analyzed in three macro-categories of spatial features, environmental affordances, and environmental attributes formulated in a theoretical model as an architectural strategy to realize liveliness. Moreover, the necessity, solutions, obstacles, and challenges of generalizing the results of the proposed model were discussed. Finally, it should be acknowledged that people's liveliness is significantly related to aspects of the relationship between man and his living physical environment, which can be improved by implementing the principles of environmental psychology in design.

Construction of residential biophilic complexes is one of the new approaches to increasing the nature of friendliness of residents of residential complexes, the benefits of which will lead to better life of people. In recent years, special attention has been paid to biophilic residential architecture in the field of architecture and tries to pay more attention to the link between architecture and nature. Due to gaps in existing knowledge, abundant evidence of existing shortcomings and approaching the goal, this article reviews the research background in biophilic architecture by highlighting definitions, dimensions, indicators and solutions to identify the characteristics of residential biophilic architecture. Biophilic architecture as well as desirable intermediaries each have indices and characteristics that overlap identification of these two axes can lead to the identification of biophilic interspace characteristics. For this purpose, in the first step, we have tried to identify and categorize the variables affecting biophilic architecture by examining the latest scientific information and in the next step, by systematic review method based on four-step model by editing. This strategy of searching articles and search path was performed with the words "biophilic principles", "efficiency of interstitial spaces", "residential biophilic collections", "biophilic design", "biophilic landscape" in valid citation databases.

Sustainable architecture is a method of architecture that is responsive to environmental and spatial conditions and uses the capabilities of its surrounding environment to create favourable conditions. In recent years, social factors as a prerequisite for sustainability have attracted a lot of attention. Social sustainability in architecture is focused on the qualitative features of space and mutual relationships between human needs and living space, and it can influence people's interactions and social relationships.One of the spaces that is particularly important in terms of architectural design is the space where architecture students or future designers are trained. These academic spaces or architecture schools need special attention in terms of spatial quality characteristics to reach the necessary desirability and while providing students' satisfaction, it is socially sustainable.Research question: Investigating what the components of social sustainability are and how these features can be used to increase the spatial desirability of architecture universities are the main questions of this article.

the purpose of the current research is to evaluate the components of social sustainability in improving the quality and spatial desirability of the architecture universities, based on increasing the satisfaction of students.

In the present research, which is presented by qualitative method and content analysis, at first, different theories in the field of social sustainability are discussed based on library and documentary studies. Then the challenges of the academic spaces of architecture are explained and finally, a model is proposed to improve the quality of the educational space of architecture schools with a social sustainability approach.

The findings and analysis of the content of the research show that the quality level of spaces increases with architectural ideas such as: spatial form and geometry, suitable and readable accesses, suitable dimensions and spatial proportions, suitable quality of materials, suitable ventilation, correct lighting and et. will be effective in increasing social interactions, sense of attachment, belonging to the place, solidarity, and identity. In other words, they will lead the educational space towards sustainability.

Today, with the rapid expansion of urbanization in the world and the need to pay attention to the performance of the management of these urban systems, the study of urban life and the methods of its residents' access to citizenship rights and their equal enjoyment of these rights becomes very important. City dwellers in general have citizenship rights, and in particular they have urban rights, which urban health as one of the important factors in human life, is considered a part of these rights, which the present study by checking the situation of Urmia city from the point of view of the level of achievement To spatial justice in the field of urban health indicators, it tries to measure the status of the right approach to the city in the study environment. The methods of information gathering are based on library-documentary data and methods of observation, interview and field verification of the study environment based on the level of distribution of functions in the field of urban health. According to the findings, the city of Urmia has not acted in a fair manner in terms of the distribution of functions and health-treatment services in accordance with the approach of the right to the city, in the planning and allocation of space, which requires the attention and emphasis of the planners and It attracts managers as well as subordinate institutions and organizations in the field of creation and development of urban functions and activities to achieve the desired quality of urban life and, accordingly, the level of well-being and public comfort and satisfaction. Citizens should be provided.

Megacities are highly responsible for the emissions of environmental pollution, energy overconsumption, and the threat of non-renewable natural resources. Therefore, it is vital to develop the ecological design indicators with an energy approach, especially for the historical urban fabrics, which in addition to environmental issues, have witnessed the migration of indigenous people as a result of physical and cultural degradation. Therefore, this article seeks ways to implement urban design with a renewable energy approach in urban historic contexts, which can be noticeable at the level of the world’s heritage. The research aims to encourage young and active people to live in the neighborhood with a green and sustainable lifestyle respecting energy sources, reducing pollution, and improving local identities at a global level. It thus studies the plausible futures with a series of techniques including Delphi, design solutions, and visioning with a case study method. The case of research is Downtown Tehran focusing on Sangelaj Neighborhood, somewhere between Tahmasebi’s and Naseri’s fortifications. After going through the three stages of design solutions, including context appraisal, vision, and action plans, a Delphi technique evaluates solutions in three consecutive rounds. Panelists including professional urban and architectural designers, as well as experts in urban energy, restoration, environment, traffic, and geology reached a consensus. Findings show that participatory visioning techniques, which mean engaging urban actors such as people and organizations, will improve the implementation of an urban eco-park, with energy, ecological and historical approaches. It thus provides a circular economy and circular neighborhood. The article then proposes strategies such as the complete street, and the use of renewable energies including recycling wastewater, using solar energies, and wind power. These suggestions will highlight the rich historical and natural background of the neighborhood such as Iranian gardens and aqueducts.

The qualitative method used in the current research is behavioral observation method, a new approach in environmental design and analysis of public realms and a method to understand the interrelationship between people and space. The main goal of this research is to evaluate and analyze the activity and behavioral patterns of Zanjan city sidewalks using the behavioral observation method, or in other words, the conditions that spatial variations cause the formation of specific behavioral patterns in public areas. In this regard, it is proposed to receive the main components in the environment in improving the body and then the behavior in the collective territories of Zanjan city. The main question of the current research is what behavior patterns are ruling the space in the studied area according to diversity and to what extent environmental factors have been able to provide the satisfaction of the users of the space? For this purpose, the application of this method in the example of Zanjan pedestrian street, which was the starting point of the main historical-commercial axes of the city, and which is currently degraded and transformed due to some reasons, is analyzed. The current research is of an applied type and is carried out using a survey method, and during it, the analysis of the environment and the behavioral patterns of the users are observed and the physical components are examined and analyzed.