“Resignation from Office”; its Nature, Conditions and Effects in Islamic Legal System

If the nature of resignation from office is well explained and if the conditions for its realization are extracted in the form of specific and inclusive rules in relation to various posts, it will have different effects than dismissal from office. In this research, with a descriptive and analytical method, after explaining the nature of resignation from office, three conditions for the conclusion of an appointment, the existence of primary competency in the person in charge and its termination during the tenure were extracted as the conditions for the realization of automatic dismissal from the office which can be proved through the proofs of confession, testimony of righteous persons, isolated tradition (khabar al-wāḥid). After confirmation and proof of resignation from office by a competent institution such as a court, the decree issued as per resignation from office has a declaratory nature and the statutory effects of non-contractual obligation and invalidation of legal actions and mandatory effects of the prohibition of continuation of tenure and punishment in case of summation of the elements from the time of realization of resignation from office will ensue and be prosecutable.