Analysis of the relationship between geometry and the visual structure of painting, the battle of Kay Khosro and Afrasiab” painting(Shahname Baysanqari version 833 AH)

Geometry has always been one of the crucial elements of designing the structure of works in Iranian art and architecture. Due to its semi-abstract nature, geometry and mathematics are consistent with the origin of Islamic art (the world of forms). The abstract structure of geometric motifs presents a complete and pure effect of abstraction in comparison with plant motifs and slimes. These abstract motifs evoke inner and mental concepts. Due to its sacred approach, this feature has created an abstract nature of form and space that manifests the inner truth of objects. It seems that geometry in the traditional arts of Iran has become a unique quality framework for traditional Iranian arts due to its shape structure and special content as an element of identity making. This paper answers the question, how is the relationship between geometry and visual structure created in the covert layers of “the battle of Kay Khosro and Afrasiab” painting ? The research method used is descriptive-analytical with library and documentation data collection. Investigations on this painting shows that geometric relationships and rules based on order, balance and harmony have been applied in the arrangement of the composition of this work. By using the golden division in setting the picture frame, the painter has succeeded in placing the elements of the picture, like the group of warriors, soldiers, trumpets and horses.The painter recreates the architecture of the space by reducing the visual elements to the most basic shapes (circle, triangle, pentagon) and bringing these shapes closer to geometric purity, and a few main colors on the surface of the image and pure structural elements and it has been used in finding the key points needed for the placement of image elements. Furthermore, the painter offers an effective tool for creating dynamic spatial experience by using a covert grid infrastructure of diagonal carrier lines instead of the generally accepted horizontal-vertical spatial order. The result of the comparisons and investigations show that 1- In the studied paintings , the artist has discovered an exactly calculated organization of geometric and systematic elements of linear and formal relationships and presents it on the basis of pictorial and visual basics. 2- Through reducing the visual elements to the most basic shapes (circle, triangle, square, pentagon) and bringing these shapes closer to geometric purity, and a few main colors on the surface of the image, the artist recreates the pure structural elements of the space architecture. 3-The painter has adopted the traditional drawing techniques, mathematical proportions and numerical relationships in placing the elements of the painting.