Analysis of the expression of defense genes and biochemical traits in response to the treatment of copper sulfate levels in wheat

Heavy metal pollution is one of the fundamental problems in human societies concerning agricultural production and is considered a major threat to human health. Copper plays a very important role in the biochemical activities of plants such as photosynthesis, respiration, transport of carbohydrates, regeneration and stabilization of nitrogen coexistence, protein metabolism. In order to investigate the effect of copper heavy metal stress on the biochemical characteristics and the expression pattern of catalase and glutathione peroxidase metallothionein genes, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design in three replications under greenhouse conditions. The experimental factors included pearl and dome genotypes and promising line N9108 and copper sulfate (zero, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mg/kg soil). Sampling of leaves was done at the maximum vegetative growth (Zadox GS45 stage). The results showed that copper salt led to an increase in the expression of some genes in the studied wheat genotypes. The level of expression of genes in the leaf was increased compared to the control in the stress of copper treatment. showed significance. In general, the promising line N9108 under stress of copper metal showed a better response during stress in terms of gene expression and biochemical traits (chlorophyll level and cellular oxidation) compared to Morvarid and Gonbad cultivars.