Investigating the Role of Wind Speed and Air Pressure on the Spatial Identity and Spatial Distribution of Dunes in Iran

Investigating the spatial identity and distribution of sand features depends on knowing the most critical dynamic factor affecting them. For this purpose, it is necessary to investigate the relationship of sand effects with the formation of pressure centers in different potentials, which lead to the creation of the wind, monthly, seasonally, and annually, at different speeds. In this article, the location of dunes relative to the centers of pressure and wind speed is evaluated descriptively. By average wind speed and pressure statistics, maps of wind speed and sea level pressure were drawn over thirty years and analyzed concerning the headquarters of the dunes. The wind speed increased from April, especially in the central, eastern, and southeastern regions of the country, and in May, it reaches 5m/s in the Kavir plain. In June, as the pressure decreases, the wind speed increases in all parts of the east and southeast. With the reduction of pressure in the central areas and internal basins, the wind speed and, as a result, the displacement of sand masses reaches their maximum. In September, the conditions for establishing low thermal pressure or cyclone systems are provided in the headquarters of the dunes. However, due to the minor pressure differences between these areas and their surrounding places, the wind speed is lower than the threshold required to move materials. In the cold seasons, due to the establishment of anticyclonic systems, the wind speed decreases and reaches below the material movement threshold.