The effect of sowing patterns on Wheat growth, yield components and yield in saline soil and rainfed condition

A wide part of arable lands in Country (Iran) is devoted to Wheat cultivation every year and a considerable part of these lands are saline or exposed to salinity due to irrigation by water that has some salts. On other hand, in most of these lands the Wheat is cultivated in rainfed condition. About 500 thousand hectares In Golestan province are affected by slat stresses and the amount of rainfall is limited. Therefore, the drought stresses occurrence in croup cultivation is unavoidable. So study of all factors that could affect the growth and yield of croup are required. So that, the purpose of this study was the investigation of compact of patterns of cultivation on Wheat growth and yield. This study was carried out in a field around Moradberdi country of Siminshar at Golestan province with average years and seasonal rainfall 402mm and 362mm respectively on 2019-2020. The amount of seasonal rainfall was 317 mm. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized blocks design with five sowing patterns in three replications. The length of every block was 6 m and 7 rows were cultivated in every block. The seeds were planted by the hand on 16 November of 2019. It cultivated 180 kg/ha seed of Qaboos Wheat cultivar with 1000 weight 44g. The traits that were measured included LAI at flowering stage, and at harvesting stage plant height, number of stems in plant, number of spikes pre plant, spike length, kernel number pre spike, 1000 weight kernel, amount of strew, total biomass, grain yield and HI. The data analyzed was conducted using SAS statistical software (version 9.4) and the mean’s data were compared based on LSD test. The results of this study showed that the Wheat sowing patterns in saline soil (about 12 ds/m) and rainfed condition with about 315 mm rainfall during growth and development season could affect significantly on importance traits as LAI, plant height, number of spikes per plant, number of kernel in spike, 1000 weight kernel, amount of strew, total biomass, yield kg/ha and HI. The results of mean analyze the effect of Wheat sowing patterns on the measured traits showed that Wheat cultivation in the flat pattern and 25 cm row spacing increasing LAI, number of spikes per plant, number of kernel ore spike, 1000 weight kernel, amount of strew, total biomass, yield kg/ha and HI. On the other hand, higher plant length and HI was optioned for 3 sowing pattern (ridge-furrow cultivation, row spacing 25 cm, sowing on ridge top), Also, the 3 pattern sowing had not different significant effected with 2 sowing pattern in spike length, number of kernel pre spike and grain yield. Totally, it seem that Wheat sowing in rainfed and saline soil (about 12 dS/m at planting time) and with rainfall about 315 mm during Wheat growth and development stages by sowing patterns of flat, row spacing 25 cm and sowing on ridge (pattern 3) could increase Wheat growth and yield compered to flat sowing with 12.5 cm row spacing (control) and patterns 4 and 5.