Semiotic analysis of the ballad ‘"Havamesh Ala Daftar Al-Naksa" by Nazar Qobbani based on the Michael Reifatore's exploratory reading theory

Semiotic analysis of the ballad ‘"Havamesh Ala Daftar Al Naksa" by Qobbani based on the Reifatore's theoryBased on Rifater`s theory, poetry has an indirect function. This theory requires a different process in poetry reading. The basis of this theory is discovering the semantic network of poetry, by passing heuristic reading and reaching to retroactive reading. In the second reading, the reader investigates ungrmmatically elements and discovers the internal communication of text elements, by finding forms of accumulation and descriptive systems. the reader receives the holograms. these discussions lead to the reception and discovery of the structural network of the poetry. This study is based on a descriptive-analytical method and aims to read the "Havamesh Ala Daftar Al-Naksa" by Qobbani.The heuristic reading of this poetry expresses the frustration and sadness of the Arab lyric poet about the unhealthy situation of some Arab countries. retroactive reading shows that Hawamesh's poetry has 3 accumulations and 2 descriptive system."old and rusty elements", "despair and failure" and "the need of uprising and changing" are 3 accumulations of this poetry. The descriptive system of this poetry shows the suffering of Arab nations after defeat of Arab countries, which the poet symbolizes it in "words without work" and "Arab nations". After defining hypograms of the poetry, we reached to the Structural tissue and the origin meaning of the oetry. It is the necessity of getting up and doing something to get upKey words: Qobbani, Rifater, Havamesh ala Dafrae al Naksah, Semiotics, Heuristic& Retroactive reading