Explaining Ali-Qoli-bin Qarchaghaaikhan's point of view about "acquired knowledge" and "knowledge by presence" with a critical approach

Explaining Ali-Qoli-bin Qarchaghaaikhan's point of view about "acquired knowledge" and "knowledge by presence" with a critical approach Abstract Ali-Qoli-bin Qarchaghaaikhan is among the not so famous philosophers of the Safavid era. Although many of his works have not been undergone the process of correction, his book The Revival of Wisdom, that actually contains many of his philosophical opinions, has been corrected and printed. Among the innovative theories of this sage is the innovative classification that he presented of "acquired knowledge" ('ilm-e-hosuli, علم حصولی) and "knowledge by presence" ('ilm-e-hozuri, علم حضوری). On the one hand, Qarchaghaaikhan introduces different types of acquired knowledge and knowledge by presence, some of which are unprecedented in the history of Islamic philosophy, and on the other hand, he considers the truth of knowledge to be accidental and added to the speaking self (nafs-e-naatteqeنفس ناطقه،). In fact, with the analysis he gives regarding the issue of the union of knowledgeable subject with the reasonable object, he considers knowledge as an attribute that is added to the adjective, namely the speaking self/subject. This essay, at first, expresses his point of view and initiative on this matter in detail, and then criticizes by using an analytical-comparative method. Keywords: accidentality, Ali-Qoli-bin Qarchaghaaikhan, acquired knowledge, Knowledge by presence, the speaking self.