Political and Administrative Institutions in the Legal System in Algeria

This study aims to explore the political and administrative institutions in Algeria, with a focus on the presidential system as one of the key models of modern governance. This system originated in the United States of America and has continued to serve as a model for its governance since its establishment. It has often emerged as an alternative to monarchies for governance in countries that have incorporated it into their constitutions. The presidential system is built upon two fundamental pillars: The first pillar is the individualization of executive authority, where it is consolidated within the apparatus of the head of state, without the participation of any other entity. The second pillar is the strict separation and balance of powers, ensuring that each authority operates independently from the others in fulfilling its responsibilities. The system does not necessarily guarantee successful modern democracy in all circumstances. Despite the relative success of this system in the United States, its effectiveness cannot be assumed in all countries that have adopted it. The success or failure of the system depends on the unique political and social context of each country. In fact, some countries that have implemented this form of government not only failed to achieve its intended outcomes, but also experienced adverse consequences due to their inability to fully embody its principles and foundations. The presidential system, in its proper form, is not always synonymous with the values and principles of true democracy in all situations.