The role of Geographic Technologies in the Routing of Intercity Communication Routes with an Emphasis on Dijkstra's Algorithm (Case Study: Ardabil - Sarcham road)

Considering the correct criteria in determining the route of roads can play a major role in reducing economic costs, increasing safety and access to roads, along with preserving the environment, and provide the basis for the growth and prosperity of the region. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type and was conducted with the aim of identifying a low-cost and safe route to connect Ardabil city with the center of the country through Tabriz-Zanjan freeway. The data required to conduct the research, which includes elevation points obtained from the Google Erath image and the OLI Landsat-9 satellite image, were collected. Digital height model, topography map, slope map were extracted from Google Earth image and land use map from Landsat satellite image. Then, the current Ardabil-Sarcham road route was digitized from the Google Earth image, and the condition of the road was examined from the perspective of the slope, and dangerous slopes were identified. In the last stage, using the Geographical Information System Builder model and using Dijkstra's algorithm, the least expensive route from Ardabil to Sarcham has been identified by considering the slope factor and then by simultaneously considering the two factors of slope and land use in the region. The results of the research show that the optimal proposed route is much better and safer than the current route from Ardabil to Sarcham both in terms of road length and road slope and land use, so that the length of the road is reduced by 25 km and 43 km from the route It has a slope of up to 10% and was dangerous, it has been reduced to 23 km and this reduction will reduce the economic costs, more safety for travelers and native residents of the region. Also, in the proposed route, the crossing of the first-class pastures has been reduced from 36 km to 22 km, and the crossing of the water fields, which previously covered 26 km, has been reduced to 13 km in the optimal proposed route, and this has an important impact on It will protect the environment.