The effect of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extract on IGF, TNF and lyzozyme genes expression in Cyprinus carpio fingerlings

The study aimed to assess the impact of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on IGF, TNF, and lysozyme gene expression in Cyprinus carpio. Fish, averaging 9.08±0.05 grams, were distributed across 12 tanks and subjected to three levels of G. glabra extract (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 %) over a 56-day feeding period. Results at the study's conclusion revealed that G. glabra extract notably enhanced growth factors, including final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR). The most significant growth was evident in fish fed 2% of the extract, displaying substantial differences compared to both the control and other treatments (P<0.05). Treatment with 2% also demonstrated the lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), indicating efficient feed utilization. Regarding gene expression, the study found an upregulation of the IGF gene in fish treated with 2% of G. glabra extract compared to the control group. TNF gene expression showed its highest levels in fish fed 0.55 of the extract, while lysozyme gene expression exhibited notable differences specifically in the 2% treatment. Overall, the findings suggest that G. glabra extract positively influences growth by enhancing IGF gene expression and supporting the immune system in C. carpio.