The components of carnival humor in Mashroote literature with an approach to Bakhtin's theory

The history of Persian literature has undergone tremendous changes and experienced many ups and downs following political and social developments. In this winding path, the Mashrote era has had a significant impact in various fields, especially in Persian literature. On the other hand, one of the main origins of humor in Persian literature is the Mashrote period. Since humorous literature with the help of carnival is considered a kind of innovation in the Mashrote period, the autopsy of this type of literature and the examination of its characteristics from different aspects and dimensions are of special importance. The effort made in this research is to analyze and examine the elements of carnival humor in the works of Ali Akbar Dehkhoda, Mirzadeh Eshghi and Nasim Shomal.

In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the carnival atmosphere governing Mashrote works according to Bakhtin"s carnival theory, and a descriptive-analytical method has been used to achieve the purpose of the research.

It should be said that in most of the components of carnival humor in the works of these poets, there are examples and applicable materials that show that Mashrote humor can be explained and reconciled with Bakhtin"s theory of carnival humor.

Polyphonic discourse, relativity and juxtaposition of opposite concepts, disobedience to the ruling power, non-religiousness, having a Bohlol personality, grotesque, and carnival laughter or the laughter of death are the components that are used in humor in the works of these three Mashrote writers. Meanwhile, "Bohlulvar"s character" is the biggest component in the carnival humor of Dehkhoda"s works. Mirzadeh Eshghi has also used "disobedience to the ruling power" more than other components. Nasim Shomal, however, has preferred "polyphonic discourse" over other components.