A Comparative Study on the Influence of Maple Syrup and Gold Nanoparticles on Kidney Stone Biomarkers in Female Albino Rats

This study investigates the comparative effects of maple syrup and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on blood biochemical indicators in female albino rats with induced kidney stone disease. Maple syrup, rich in antioxidants, and AuNPs, known for their biomedical applications, were evaluated for their potential therapeutic benefits or risks in renal health. Twenty sexually mature female albino rats were divided into five groups, including two control groups and three treatment groups. The treatment groups received varying concentrations of ethylene glycol to induce kidney stones, with or without maple syrup or AuNPs. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and albumin levels were measured, along with urinary oxalate and calcium concentrations. The group treated with maple syrup plus 100 mg/kg ethylene glycol showed a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen levels compared to the negative control group (p<0.05), and a marked reduction in urinary oxalate and calcium levels (p<0.001). Conversely, the group treated with maple syrup plus 200 mg/kg ethylene glycol and AuNPs did not exhibit significant differences from the negative control. These findings suggest that maple syrup, particularly at lower concentrations of ethylene glycol, may have protective effects against kidney stone pathology, potentially due to its antioxidant properties. However, further research is needed to understand the implications of AuNPs and higher concentrations of ethylene glycol in such treatments.