Effects of some stress modulators on nodulation, grain filling rate and yield of ‎rainfed lentil (Lens culinaris L.)‎

the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some ‎stress modulators on nodulation, grain filling rate and yield of rainfed lentil.‎ an experiment as factorial was conducted based on RCBD with three replications in a farm of near the research farm University ‎of Mohagheghi Ardabil ‎in 2022. The first factor application of bio- ‎organic fertilizers in four levels (no application of bio-organic fertilizers as control, ‎application of mycorrhiza, vermicompost, both application of mycorrhiza and vermicompost), ‎ans the seconfd factor nano particle foliar application in four levels (foliar application with ‎water as control, applicatio of nano silicon oxide, nano iron oxide, both aplication of nano ‎silicon-iron oxide) were included.‎ The results showed that both application of vermicompost and mycorrhiza ‎increased chlorophyll index, relative water content, protein yield in hehtar, iron and protein ‎contents of grains (20.6 and 24.6% respectively) in comparison with no application of ‎vemicompost and mycorrhiza. Similar results were observed in application of nano iron-‎silicon oxide. So, both application of nano iron-silicon oxide increased chlorophyll index, ‎relative water content, protein yield in hehtar, iron and protein content of grains (29.1 and ‎‎37.7% respectively) in comparison with no application of nano silicon-iron oxide. Application ‎of vemicompost and mycorrhiza with nano iron-silicon oxide increased number of active ‎nodules per plant, number of grain per pod, number of pod per plant, number of lateral ‎branches, nodule weight, quantum yield and grain yield (72%) in comparison with no ‎application of mycorrhiza and vermicompost and nano iron-silicon oxide. ‎