Designing and Determining the Effectiveness of the Moral Psychology Model on Self-View and Moral Behavior Among Bully Students

Bullying is one of the manifestations of communication violence that occurs in a specific context and social relationship and in many forms. Intentional and voluntary violent behavior, in which a person or people, another person in a situation where there is some kind of power imbalance, abuse repeatedly and with the aim of hurting. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of moral psychology and determining its effectiveness on self-view and moral behavior among bullied students in the second year of high school in Tabriz.

The current research was a sequential exploratory method that was carried out in two stages. In the qualitative part, with the aim of identifying the dimensions and ethical indicators effective on bullying, a meta-composite method was used, which, using the seven-step method of Sandelowski and Barso, and by examining the information sources and scientific articles of the last ten years, 56 sources were analyzed. The final one was selected. In the quantitative section, the fuzzy Delphi method was used to validate dimensions and indicators from the perspective of experts. In this section, indicators and dimensions were provided to 12 experts. The current research method is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of development method, which has been done in a mixed and sequential manner (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative part, the meta-composite method was used in order to identify the dimensions of the moral psychology model. Therefore, the statistical population of this section is databases, international prestigious journals, and all the research conducted in the field of studies related to bullying and the moral factors that are effective in it, which have been published by researchers in prestigious scientific journals in the last ten years. A study has been published. The sampling method in this section was targeted or criteria-based sampling. In this way, the studies that met the research criteria in the subject area have been selected as samples. The method of collecting data in the form of a library includes sampling from selective sources. In the quantitative part and in the first part, with the aim of validating the dimensions and in order to formulate the model, the fuzzy Delphi technique was used to collect the opinions of experts. Therefore, the statistical population of the first part of this research was formed by psychology experts, teachers, assistants, and principals of secondary schools in Tabriz, who were experts in the discussed field (bullying and moral factors effective in it), based on purposeful (judgmental) sampling. 12 people were selected. Experts are people who have at least ten years in the field of education and school management and have scientific works in this field in the form of books and articles.

Based on the findings of this research, the model of moral psychology in 5 dimensions (individual moral psychological factors, moral psychological factors related to peers, moral psychological factors related to parents, moral psychological factors related to school, and moral psychological factors related to the place of residence) and 20 indicators were identified, which were approved by 12 experts in the Delphi section, and finally, the research model was presented. After the initial coding process using Atlas ti software, the process of determining the themes began. In the first stage, similar codes were placed next to each other and formed the themes of the first level. During this phase, some code was at higher levels and it was possible to shred it. In this way, the codes were reviewed again and the process of determining the themes was constantly changing and forming. Based on the investigations, 22 first-level themes and 5 second-level themes were identified. According to the results, the main factors causing bullying behavior are individual factors, factors related to peers, factors related to parents, factors related to school, and factors related to the place of residence. The result of this section is presented in Table 1.

It is believed that ethics as a central sign is the discourses of research that have confirmed its major role in the occurrence of bullying behaviors, and this research in this respect emphasizes the positive role of moral psychology and confirms its influential role. Reducing bullying of students, can infer its effective role in reducing moral sensitivity and indifference, creative reasoning, and moral identity of students. As mentioned in the background of the studies related to the investigation of the influencing factors on bullying behaviors, some researchers have proposed concepts such as moral reasoning, which they draw as a manifestation of the moral situation. They admit Therefore, based on the findings of this research, considering the significant impact of the educational model on the moral reasoning of these students, it can be concluded that moral reasoning, as one of the complex elements of the moral system of people, is affected by the education of the extractive model of the research. It is divided into 5 general components individual moral psychological factors, moral psychological factors related to peers, moral psychological factors related to parents, moral psychological factors related to school, and moral psychological factors related to the place of residence. The results of metacombination studies clearly show the complex interactions and relationships of different dimensions with each other. Therefore, the need to pay attention to each of the dimensions about other ethical dimensions will be an undeniable necessity. From these results, it can be concluded that this research can provide psychologists with a model in the field of moral psychology counseling.