Synthesis and study of three-cation perovskite layer by electrochemical method for planar perovskite solar cell application

Access to cheap and suitable large-scale techniques is crucial for the fabrication of efficient perovskite planar solar cells. Today, the commonly used spin-coating laboratory process for large-scale fabrication of composite perovskite layers faces challenges. In this paper, tri-cationic perovskite layers with formadinium (FA) have been synthesized using electrochemical deposition (ELD) as a novel and scalable approach, then the result was compared with the anti-solvent process based on spin coating (SCA). Compared to conventional SCA perovskite, current-voltage results show a significant increase in fill factor (FF) from 53.97% to 60.79% due to reduced recombination paths without sacrificing open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (JSC).