Assessing the Effect of Unemployment on Homicide in Country: A Panel Approach (with a Special Look at Iran's Economy)

According to the theory of social control, having a job is time-consuming and a person who has a job will not have time to engage in crime, if he suffers from a strong external constraint, he will choose an aggressive act or Homicide. The aim is to evaluate the effect of the unemployment index on the occurrence of Homicide between countries for 24 selected countries and to estimate its regression separately for Iran and compare the results. The research method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population is all the countries of the world. The sample size is 23 developed countries and Iran. The sampling method is a survey. The variables of human development degree, inflation rate, unemployment rate and percentage of urban population have been used. The data were extracted from the Human Development Report of the United Nations, the World Bank and the World Health Organization during the period of 1990-2018 and the economic model of Homicide was estimated from the balanced panel data technique. The findings showed that the variable coefficient of the percentage of the urban population is meaningless and a disturbing variable, so it was removed from the model. The results of the re-estimation of the model showed that the human development index of the countries has the greatest effect on the occurrence of Homicide and the unemployment rate and the inflation rate are in the next categories respectively. The comparison of the results showed that the unemployment rate coefficient is more than three times the inflation rate coefficient, the importance of the unemployment rate in preventing murder is greater than inflation. The estimation results of the model for Iran are completely consistent with the regression results obtained for the group of countries. In Iran, the unemployment rate is higher than the group of countries.