A review of technologies for purification of groundwater including heavy metals based on nanotechnology

Today, groundwater pollution has become a serious environmental problem. On the other hand, climate change affected the quality of aquifers. The results showed that the quality of groundwater resources changed over the time and some cations such as arsenic, chromium and some anions like mercury, fluoride, and nitrate penetrated into the water sources. Research showed that there were various methods to eliminate pollution in groundwater, including traditional and cheap techniques also, chemical precipitation methods, ion exchange, absorption, and membrane filtration. Therefore, in the present study, with analytical and descriptive investigation, some common pollutants in polluted aquifers and various methods to reduce pollutants from water were stated. Also, since nanotechnology guarantees long-term access to safe drinking water, some methods of nanoparticle synthesis and their wide applications in reducing aquifer pollution were investigated. The results of these studies showed that nanomaterials can increase the rate of chemical reaction, compatibility with the environment, and selectivity in reducing pollutants from water.