Factors Affecting Adolescents’ Tendency to use hookah: A Scoping Review

Today, hookah consumption has been raised as a health-related issue at the global level. Since the consumption of tobacco through hookah is increasing, especially among children and adolescents, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting it in order to plan preventive measures. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the effective factors of adolescents' return to hookah consumption.

The methodology of this study was a field-based review. Data were collected using keywords in Magiran, ISC, SID, Pub Med, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases between 2002-2022. Screening and selection of documents was done according to Prisma checklist.

In the initial search, 280 articles were found, of which 30 articles were included in the study by removing duplicates and unrelated to the research objective and inclusion criteria. The results of the studies showed that several factors are influential in the tendency of teenagers to hookah, which were divided into 5 general categories including contextual, psychological, social, cultural and political factors.

Several factors play a role in the tendency of teenagers to use hookah, the most important of which are the knowledge and wrong attitude about the harms of hookah, easy and cheap access, sensory appeals and cultural acceptance of hookah. Therefore, it is suggested to create culture and increase awareness, ban the production of flavored tobacco, implement laws prohibiting the use of hookah in public places, increase the price of tobacco, and increase recreational facilities.