جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "tobacco" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Smoking is among the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Despite numerous warnings about its serious complications, tobacco use remains prevalent in many communities, including among individuals with existing cardiovascular conditions. This study, which is part of a broader research, explores tobacco use among patients with a history of cardiovascular disease in Hormozgan Province, Iran, in 2023.

This was a component of a broader cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2023, utilizing a clustered sampling approach across 13 cities in Hormozgan Province, Iran, with a total of 6282 participants. Data collection was performed using standardized questionnaires to ensure consistency and reliability. For data analysis, the SPSS software, version 26 was utilized, along with the chi-square test to assess the associations within the data.

Among the 489 patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, 45.6% were male, of whom 55.1% reported tobacco use. Conversely, 54.4% of the patients were female, with 44.9% indicating that they used tobacco. The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between smoking and a history of cardiovascular disease.

Many patients with cardiovascular disease still smoke, highlighting a lack of awareness about the serious health risks of tobacco use. Strengthening education and awareness campaigns focused on smoking cessation is essential. Targeted interventions to inform these patients about the dangers of smoking could significantly improve public health outcomes and reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases

E-cigarettes have become popular as an alternative to traditional smoking but their long-term health effects, especially regarding cancer risk, are concerning. This review evaluates the potential carcinogenic effects of e-cigarettes, focusing on DNA damage, epigenetic changes, and tumor-promoting pathways that may promote tumor development.

A literature search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases yielded studies on e-cigarettes and cancer risk from 2010 to 2024. The employed keywords included “e-cigarettes”, “vaping”, “cancer risk”, and “toxic chemicals”. Studies included data on e-cigarette vapor composition and health effects, excluding those on smoking cessation. Data extraction covered study design, population, e-cigarette type, usage, health outcomes, and vapor analysis. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Research indicates that e-cigarettes can cause DNA damage and epigenetic changes that potentially lead to cancer. DNA methylation can alter gene expression and cause mutations, particularly in the respiratory system, increasing cancer risk. Short-term use of e-cigarettes induces lung cancer-related tumor-promoting factors and metastasis in small bronchial tubes. Nicotine inhalation from e-cigarettes can promote tumor growth by stimulating angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis, despite nicotine not being a carcinogen. E-cigarette vapor contains known carcinogens like formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, further contributing to cancer risk.

Exposure to e-cigarette vapor causes gene expression changes and epigenetic damage similar to those from combustible cigarette smoke, potentially leading to cancer. DNA methylation can change gene expression and cause mutations, especially in respiratory cells.

Fertility plays a crucial role in population health. With the increasing use of tobacco in many societies, it is important to understand its negative effects on female fertility. Accordingly, this review explores how tobacco use may impact fertility.

This review employed scientific articles and credible sources to investigate the impact of tobacco on fertility. A comprehensive search was conducted between 2001 and 2024, using reputable academic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Various articles, such as review articles, experimental studies, and observational studies, were also analyzed in this field.

Numerous studies have shown that tobacco use can have a negative impact on fertility. These effects may include a decrease in ovulation, disruption of the menstrual cycle, an increased risk of ovarian failure, and infertility.

Considering the harmful impact of tobacco consumption on fertility, it is essential to increase public awareness and focus on reducing tobacco use to safeguard fertility.

Oral and dental problems can affect the quality of life (QOL) and important aspects of a person’s life by disrupting social presence and interpersonal relationships. This study evaluates the oral and dental health and QOL in patients referring to the dental diagnosis department.

This study was conducted on patients referred to the Diagnosis Department of Dental School at Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. After receiving the code of ethics, the decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) questionnaire was used to measure dental caries, and the shortened questionnaire from the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to measure the QOL-related to the oral health of the patients.

The participants were 74(50%) women and 74(50%) men; meanwhile, 104(70.3%) subjects were married and 100(67.6%) did not have a chronic disease and only 28 people (18.9%) were smokers. Marital status had a significant relationship with the DMFT index (P<0.05). A significant relationship existed between smoking and the two scores (DMFT index and WHO QOL brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) (P<0.05). The relationship between occupation and WHOQOL-BREF indices was not significant (P>0.05); however, the relationship was significant with the DMFT index (P<0.05).

Smoking increased tooth decay and demonstrated a decrease in the QOL. It is suggested to take measures in people who use tobacco to prevent oral and dental problems and also improve the QOL

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure poses serious health risks. Nurses’ frequent patient interactions position them to effectively utilize SHS assessment tools, promoting individual and community health.

This study was conducted with aim to design the psychometric properties of SHS exposure assessment tools.

This study was conducted for creating tool items to assess SHS exposure. The study was performed in 2020 on 161 adults with SHS exposure. The psychometric properties steps include face validity, content validity, construct validity and reliability. The principal component analysis was used to test the construct validity of the scale. The reliability of the tools was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

The questionnaire consisting of 26 items regarding four factors, Home Exposure, Workplace Exposure, Socializing Exposure Feeling, and Toward Dependency on Nicotine, explained a cumulative variance of 0.57. The face validity of the questionnaire was evaluated; all items had an impact score above 1.5. Additionally, the content validity ratio was 0.82, and the content validity index was 0.79. Finally, the reliability of the questionnaire was approved based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.88.

Implications for Practice: 

As the findings of this study showed, the validated tool offers a reliable measure for assessing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, enhancing accuracy in clinical, community, and research settings. Nurses can use this tool to identify at-risk patients, implement evidence-based interventions, and promote smoke-free environments.

The risk of periodontal disease is considered to be high among tobacco users compared to those not consuming tobacco in any form. A rise in salivary enzyme levels reflects the destruction of healthy tissues, making it a potential clinical biomarker. Thus, the aim was to assess periodontal health and examine salivary enzyme levels and their correlation with tobacco use. Unstimulated saliva was collected using a standard protocol from 128 individuals who visited the outpatient department (OPD) of a dental hospital, divided into four groups. Clinical assessment was done using the gingival index (1963) (GI) and the community periodontal index (1982) (CPI). There was a strong correlation between tobacco use and salivary enzyme levels. Tobacco chewers had the most elevated salivary enzyme levels, followed by smokers and passive smokers. Significant periodontal deterioration presenting as an increase in probing depth and clinical loss of attachment (LOA) was seen among the chewers (3.22 ± 0.87 and 2.16 ± 1.27, respectively) and smokers (3.16 ± 0.80 and 1.63 ± 1.38, respectively), which was more than passive smokers (2.75 ± 0.80 and 0.84 ± 0.30, respectively) and was considered significant between all the groups (P = 0.001). Tobacco use in either form affects the severity of periodontal diseases and the levels of salivary enzymes. Thus, salivary enzymes are regarded as reliable biochemical indicators of periodontal tissue damage and can be used as motivators to quit tobacco usage. Additionally, passive smoking was found to have a negative impact on periodontal health and can be considered a risk factor.

 Tobacco consumption, especially hookah, is one of the major behavioral health problems that has been more prevalent among young people and adolescents in recent years. Therefore, identifying the influential factors in tobacco consumption is essential for planning preventive measures. This study investigates the relationship between cultural, social, political, and economic factors with hookah smoking in Iranian adolescents.

 The present research is a systematic review study, which was conducted by examining data through PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Ovid, Magiran, SID, Science, Cochrane Medlib, and Medex Iran databases between 2000-2024 using the keywords hookah, tobacco, cultural, the teenager has been collected. In the initial search, 500 articles were retrieved, which were then screened at different stages (removing duplicate articles [300], reviewing titles and abstracts [170], and full-text [13]). Finally, 17 papers that passed the researchers’ criteria were reviewed carefully.

 The results of the studies showed that various factors influence hookah consumption among adolescents, which were divided into social, economic, political, cultural, and psychological factors. Numerous factors influence adolescents’ inclination toward hookah consumption, with the most important ones being planned advertisements, incorrect knowledge, and attitudes about the harms of hookah, easy and affordable access, sensory attractions, peer encouragement, cultural acceptance of hookah, and a means to fill leisure time.

 It is recommended to focus on promoting culture and increasing awareness, effective advertising, increasing leisure-time activities for adolescents, enforcing laws prohibiting hookah use in public places, increasing tobacco prices, and enhancing recreational facilities.

 Today, tobacco use is considered a pervasive health problem globally, with projections indicating that by 2020, tobacco will account for one in three adult deaths. Despite the well-documented harmful effects of tobacco use and societal expectations for future healthcare providers to lead healthy lifestyles, smoking remains prevalent among medical students.

 In this study, 248 medical students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences were selected. After providing comprehensive explanations and obtaining their consent to participate, each student received a questionnaire comprising two parts: the first part gathered demographic information, while the second part utilized a Likert scale to measure attitudes toward smoking and hookah use.

 In this study, 63.3% of participants were female, 36.7% were male, and the majority (37.1%) were between 21 and 23 years old. Additionally, 89.5% of participants were single. Also, 17.7% had a history of smoking or hookah use, 35.1% had family members who smoked or used hookahs, and 37.1% had friends who smoked or used hookahs. Furthermore, 6.9% had a history of neurological disease, and 11.7% had underlying medical conditions.

 We found statistically significant relationships between attitudes towards smoking and various factors, including gender, personal history of smoking, family history of smoking, presence of smoking or hookah-using friends, place of residence, ethnicity, parents’ level of education, history of chronic disease and grade point average.

 Hookah smoking is now increasing and has become a serious public health warning worldwide. Hookah smoking has led to the transmission of infectious diseases. This study investigates the microbial contamination of hookah mouth tips in Bandar Abbas City, Iran.

 This descriptive study was conducted in Bandar Abbas City, Iran. The hookah mouth tip samples were obtained from various hookah supply centers and the Ultersnap U device measured the microbial load of hookah mouth tips. The microbial load ranks were divided into three categories. Meanwhile, data analysis was done using the SPSS software, version 26.

 The highest contamination tips were observed in the beach boulevard (Saheli-Blv), where vendors operate. In three parks, namely Park-e-Ghadir, Park-e-Dowlat, and 13-Hektar, one contaminated hookah mouth tip was observed in each station. A significant difference was observed between the stations in both clean and warning levels; however, this difference was not significant in the contaminated level (P˃0.05). The highest level of contamination was observed in the guild of peddlers. A significant difference was also observed between the guilds in both clean and warning levels, but this difference was not significant in the contaminated level (P˃0.05).

 Our results showed that a significant number of hookah mouth tips were in warning and contaminated levels. The highest number of contaminated hookah mouth tips were observed in the peddlers guild, which is strongly recommended to collect and prevent their inactivity, especially in public places. In addition, health warnings should be posted on all tobacco products and the environment of smoking and or cafes.

 Smoking is known to have adverse effects on various human body systems. While previous studies have predominantly emphasized the harmful effects of smoking on other organs, the impact on the musculoskeletal system has been relatively understudied. This study aimed to survey the association between hookah smoking and musculoskeletal conditions.

 This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 4026 participants selected from baseline data of the Bandar-Kong non-communicable diseases (BKNCD) cohort study in southern Iran. Skeletal muscle injuries were identified through the medical questionnaire of the cohort based on the participants’ history, where “yes” denoted the presence of injuries and “no” indicated their absence. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software, version 26 at a significance level of P<0.05.

 Among the 4026 participants, 2315(57.5%) were women and 1711(42.5%) were men. The mean age of participants was 48±9 years. Among 709 hookah users, 20(2.83%) and 40(5.64%) cases suffered from movement disorders and osteoporosis, respectively. Also, 108(15.23%) and 284(40.05%) hookah users experienced back pain and joint pain, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of movement disorder was 2.38 times higher for hookah smokers than non-smokers (OR=2.38; P=0.002). There was no significant relationship between hookah smoking and other injuries (P>0.05).

 The most common problem was joint pain. The mechanism of the effect of smoking on injuries was unknown. Further studies, with larger sample sizes, are necessary to evaluate the association between hookah smoking and musculoskeletal injuries.

Individuals with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to novel coronavirus (COVID-19), and data are limited on the relationship between opium and tobacco use and COVID-19 mortality.

This study aimed to determine the effect of opium and tobacco use, as well as the effect of different consumption intensities of these substances, on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Patients and

In this cross-sectional study, 900 patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran, were reviewed. Data collection was conducted through the patient information registry system and telephone contact with patients or their companions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software. Chi-Square, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparisons between groups. A P-value of 0.05 or lower was considered statistically significant.

Death and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher (P = 0.023 and P = 0.01, respectively), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly lower in tobacco smokers (P = 0.046). Additionally, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and multiple co-morbidities were significantly higher in opioid users (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, and P = 0.014, respectively), and fatigue was significantly lower in the group that did not use opioids (P = 0.009). No statistically significant relationship was found in any of the subgroups of opioid and tobacco users in terms of death or discharge (P > 0.05).

In a global context where COVID-19 mutations are prevalent, any amount of tobacco and opium use should be considered a risk factor.

Oxidative stress (OS) results from an imbalance between the formation and detoxification of reactive species. Although reactive species at low or moderate levels play numerous physiological roles, high concentrations can lead to disturbances in signaling and metabolic pathways and cause different metabolic, chronic, and age-related disorders. Several endogenous and exogenous processes may lead to the formation of reactive species. The severity of OS can be reduced with the help of antioxidants. Tobacco is one of the most important environmental factors contributing to reactive species production. After cigarette smoking, waterpipe tobacco (WPT) smoking is ranked as the second most popular tobacco product. Its popularity is proliferating due to flavored products, social acceptability, etc. However, studies have shown that WPT smoking is associated with an increased risk of arterial stiffness, ischemic heart disease, and several cancer types. In this study, we aimed to review the most recent evidence on WPT smoking constituents and their association with OS.

Most people in the United States live busy stressful lives which can lead to significant health challenges, especially to one’s mental health. After years of being ignored and stigmatized, mental illness has been given the recognition it deserves. It is now associated with the overall health of a person and treated seriously. The same could be said about substance abuse disorder though on a lesser scale. This paper attempts to understand the relationship between drug use and mental health illness differentiated across age groups. The understanding of these causations and relationships could help us better understand the rate and triggers of mental illness in the United States.

We used data from a 2023 survey, which contains a total of 69,850 completed interviews. The data collected were taken from each state individually with each of them implementing the same survey to collect responses. Instead of looking at all fifty states, we decided to analyze only the highest twentyone most populated states. Various non-parametric tests were used to analyze age groups and their rate of mental health illnesses and drug use within the country.

We found that tobacco use is associated with mental illness, while alcohol use is associated with attempted suicide. It appears that indicators of drug use are not homogeneous across states for either age group. We also found that the alcohol consumption is related to a declining proportion of attempted suicides.

In this research we found a significant association between drug use and inidcators of mental illness. The association differed across different age groups and also across states. Since we found that the alcohol consumption is related to a declining proportion of attempted suicides, it will be interesting to explore why this is the case and what could be observed to decrease suicidal rates.