A comparative reading of the crisis of resistance and libertarianism in the poems of Mohammad Reza Shabibi and Aref Qazvini

The two countries of Iraq and Iran, due to the similarity of their political-historical situation in the late 19th century and early 20th century, have witnessed the introduction of many themes in the field of resistance and libertarianism literature. Two of the famous poets in this field are Mohammad Reza Shabibi and Aref Qazvini, whose thoughts have played a special role in inspiring the spirit of resistance and libertarianism of the nations (Issue). The current research has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the American school of comparative literature (method).The results show: the poems of both poets are strongly influenced by the prevailing political and social situation. In the form of using rhetorical tools, both of them have been able to play an important role in provoking the audience and harmonizing it with the speaking situation of the word. Their defense weapon was the weapon of the word and the pen. Unlike Aref, Shabibi looks at issues more like a sage and criticizes the negative effects of the chaotic situation in the form of moral vices. The more practical aspect of calling for unity can be seen in Shabibi's poem; Because he entered practical reform like a prophet (findings).